Download Vocabulary List - Christiana Middle School

Vocabulary List
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Absolute Location- One of the two types of
location which tells you exactly where
something is. Examples are: Latitude
Longitude, Address, ETC. Example: Coach
George’s classroom is 704.
 Relative Location- A location that is
“related to” something else. For example,
Coach George’s classroom is across the hall
from Coach Alley’s classroom.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Equator: The imaginary line at 0* latitude
that divides the earth into the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres.
 Prime Meridian: The imaginary line at 0*
longitude that divides the earth into the
Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
 International Date Line: The imaginary line
at 180* longitude that is the “back side” of
the Prime Meridian. The IDL is the same
line as the PM on the other side of the globe
where the new day begins!
 Tropic of Capricorn: Line at 23.5* S of the
Equator. Where most of the world’s deserts
are found.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Latitude: Imaginary lines that circle the
globe running east to west. Lines of latitude
measure distance North and South of the
Equator (O* Latitude).
 Longitude: Imaginary lines that circle the
globe running north and south. Lines of
longitude measure distance East and West
of the Prime Meridian (O* Longitude).
SS Vocabulary List
 Political Map: A map that shows man made
features such as boundaries, states, and
major cities.
 Physical Map: A map that shows physical
features of the Earth, such as mountains,
rivers, lakes, etc. It shows things not man
made!
SS Vocabulary List
 Commercial Farming: Commercial Farming
is to farm to make a financial living. In
today's world, a small percentage of the
population farms for the rest of the world
population.
 Subsistence Farming: farming whose
products are intended to provide for the
basic needs of the farmer and his family.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Population Density: The total # of people
per square mile.
 Population Distribution: This shows how
populations are spread across an area.
Before the IR, people looked for water
sources, good climate, fertile soil, and
natural resources when settling.
SS Vocabulary List
 Urbanization: The movement of people
from rural to urban areas. The main cause is
industrial development, Positive
consequences are more jobs, education,
entertainment, & cultural opportunities.
Negatives are more crime, pollution,
overcrowding, and low quality of schools
and hospitals.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Infant Mortality Rate: the death rate during
the first year of life. This information is
listed by country.
 Growth Rate: In terms of demographic
concepts, growth rate refers to the yearly
increase or decrease in population for an
area.
SS Vocabulary List
 Life Expectancy: the total number of years a
person is expected to live.
 Natural Resource: A resource that nature
makes that humans use in meeting their
needs.
SS Vocabulary List
 Birth Rate: The total number of people born
per 1000 people.
 Death Rate: The total number of deaths per
1000 people.
 Migration Rate: The total number of people
that move in or out of an particular area.
SS Vocabulary List
 Renewable Resource: Any material/resource
that can be remade/reproduced by nature.
Examples are wind, oxygen, trees, water,
plants, soil.
 Non-Renewable Resource: Any resource
that cannot be remade once it is used up.
Examples are fossil fuels, which are oil,
coal, and natural gas.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Fossil fuels: Materials created over millions
of years from prehistoric plants and
animals. Examples of these are oil, coal,
and natural gas.
SS Vocabulary List
 Import: To bring products into a country
from another country.
 Export: To send/ship/sell products to
another country.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Domestic: produced or made within one's
own country.
 Embargo: A limit placed on trade with
countries.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Barter: to trade by exchange of
commodities rather than by the use of
money.
 Tariff: A fee or a tax placed on a trade. A
government tax on imports or exports.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Balance of Trade: The total value of all
imports and exports. To have a positive
balance of trade, a country will want to
export (sells) more than it imports (buys).
 Capitalism: The economic theory in which
the government has NO CONTROL in
setting production and distribution of goods.
Private individuals and companies sustain
the economy.
SS Vocabulary List
 NAFTA: An agreement between the United
States, Mexico, and Canada that allows for
free trade among the 3 countries. No tariffs!
 Communism: The economic theory in
which the government take complete
control of the economy and government.
The government controls the production and
distribution of goods.
 O.P.E.C.: The oil cartel made of 12 countries.
The purpose of OPEC is to increase their
control of oil markets (supply) so they can get
better prices for their oil (demand).
 Socialism: An economic theory there is
competition among businesses and people do
have private property but the government does
have control in some aspects of the economy.
The purpose of this economic theory is to
ensure that everything is done for the good of
the community.
 Command Economy: Communism in practice, an
economic system in which the government
controls all industry, and does not allow free trade,
private ownership, or competition.
 Market Economy: Capitalism in practice, and
economic system in which the government has
little to no control of the economy, and there is
free trade, private ownership, and competition.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Inflation: A prolonged rise in prices for
goods.
 Recession: 6 months or 2 quarters of
negative growth in a country’s GDP (Gross
Domestic Product).
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Protectionism: The practice of developing
domestic industries by protecting them from
foreign competition by placing limits on imports.
 Economics: the science concerned with the
production and consumption of goods and
services.
 Economic System: How goods are distributed and
consumed (Communism, Socialism, or
Capitalism).
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Economic Interdependence: a high degree of
division of labor, where people depend on other
people to produce most of the goods and services
required to sustain life and living. Basically,
people in all levels of the economy (even from
different countries) depend on each other.
 Resource Allocation: a plan for using available
resources.
 Phenomena: a fact or occurrence that can be
observed.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Pratibha Patil: President of India
 Monmohan Singh: Prime Minister of India
 Dmitri Medvedev: President of Russia
 Barack Obama: President of U.S from
2009-Present
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Stephen Harper: Prime Minister of Canada.
 Hu Jintao: President of China
 Felipe Calderon: President of Mexico
 David Cameron: Prime Minister of United
Kingdom
SS Vocabulary List
 Depression: Negative growth in a country’s
GDP with mass loss of jobs and business
failures lasting for 1 year (4 quarters).
 Unemployment Rate: the number
unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
 Estuary: the part of the river in which the
river's current meets the sea's tide.
SS Vocabulary List
 Lagoon: an area of shallow water separated
from the sea by low sandy dunes.
 Yellow River: Flows through northern
China. Called the Yellow river because of
the Loess (fertile, yellow soil) that flows
down it. Each summer when the river
floods, the loess is spread on the soil and
makes it fertile for farming.
SS Vocabulary List
 Himalayas: World’s tallest mountain range that
forms the border of China and the Indian Sub
Continent. Mt Everest, world’s tallest mountain is
here.
 Ganges River: River running from the Himalayas
to the Indian Ocean. The river provides fertile soil
and water to people living around it. Known as the
Ganges Plain, India’s farming heartland is located
here.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Hinduism: The dominant religion in India. This
religion believes in reincarnation and the social
system known as the caste system. No single
founder.
 Buddhism: Religion based on the teachings of
Siddhartha Guatama- The Buddha. Believe in
reincarnation. The religion based on the 8 Fold
Path, which ends at Nirvana. Nirvana is a state of
perfect peace in which suffering and reincarnation
end.
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Christianity: a monotheistic religion based on the
teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that
Jesus is the Son of God.
 Judaism: the oldest monotheistic religion, Judaism
was founded in 2000 B. They also believe Jesus
was a prophet.
 Islam: monotheistic C. Jews believe they are
God’s chosen people. religion based on the
teachings of the prophet Mohammed. This is the
major religion in the Middle East and Northern
Africa
S.S. Vocabulary List
 Scarcity: A lack of available resources.
 Region: An area with common
characteristics (political/man made features,
geologic/physical, cultural, functional, ETC.
 Drought: a long period without rain.