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Reference Material 9 June 2008 1 The World’s CO2 Emissions (Current Trends) The World’s CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2005) (1990) South Korea 1% Kazakhstan 1% South Africa 1% Mexico 1% India 3% China Russia 10% Others 17% Japan 5% 42% 58% 11% US 23% Russia 6% Germany 5% UK 3% Canada 2% Italy 2% France 2% Australia 1% Other Kyoto Parties 12% Others 21% Germany 3% Japan 4% Canada 2% UK 2% Mexico 1% Iran 2% Italy 2% France 1% 30% South Korea 2% Australia 1% 70% Other Kyoto Parties 8% India 4% China 19% US 21% Countries that have quantified emission Countries that do NOT have quantified emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol Protocol ※Categorization of countries is based upon the status quo in terms of Kyoto Protocol Source:International Energy Agency (IEA) 2 The World’s CO2 Emissions (Estimate) 60,000 (million tons CO2) 50,000 Other Developing Countries 40,000 Brazil India 30,000 20,000 10,000 62% 52% 34% 23% 43% China 48% 21% 31% 23% 25% USA Annex I countries excluding USA 18% 21% 0 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Source: Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) 3 Mid-term Strategy and Long-term Strategy Future Estimate (BAU case) Global CO2 Emissions <Mid-term Strategy> <Long-term Strategy> “Post-Kyoto Framework” “Innovation” ・develop innovative technologies ・shift to a low-carbon society ・bring global emissions to peak within the next 10 to 20 years Cut global emissions by half by 2050 “International Environment Cooperation” -accelerate improvement of global energy efficiency -new financial mechanism (Cool Earth Partnership) Present 2018~2028 2050 4 Japan’s Energy Efficiency Continues to Improve Trends in Energy Consumption in the Industrial Sector and Real GDP 500 600 450 400 500 Real GDP 350 300 Total Energy Consumption in the Industrial Sector 250 400 300 200 200 150 100 Real GDP (trillions of yen) Total Energy Consumption (1 million kilo liters of crude oil equivalent) Energy consumption by Japanese Industries has remained constant while GDP has doubled 100 50 0 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Source: “Energy Balances in Japan,” Agency for Natural Energy Resources of the government of Japan “System of National Accounts,” Cabinet Office of the government of Japan 5 Government Investment Levels in Research and Development in Energy-related Areas Global Trend in Public Investment in Research and Development in the Energy Sector Trend in Public Investment in Research and Development in the Energy Sector by Country (2005) (Unit: US$ million) (Unit: US$ million) 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Steep decrease Increase required 129.9 UK 320.5 Italy Germany 513.2 France 523.4 Japan leads 3017.8 the world USA 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 Japan Source: IEA 3905.3 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Source: IEA ; European Commission 6 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Major Economies Source: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Unit: million tons CO2e) *CO2e=carbon dioxide-equivalent 7 Trends in Energy Efficiency Levels of Major Economies {Unit: Energy Consumption (crude oil tons equiv.)/GDP(1,000 USD)} 8 Source: IEA Japan USA