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U.S. Foreign Policy
What is “foreign policy”
• Goals that nations pursue in relation to
other international actors
– Goals
• Survival
• Territorial Integrity
• Economic Security
• Promoting Democracy and Human Rights
– Actors
• States (nations)
• IGO (Intergovernmental Organizations: UN
NATO)
• NGO (Nongovernmental Organizations: MNCs, al-
President’s Foreign Policy Helpers
• Who are part of the
foreign policy
bureaucracy?
– National Security
Council
– Intelligence Agencies
• CIA
• FBI
• Military agencies
President’s Foreign Policy Helpers
– State Department
• Sec. of State: Hillary Clinton
• Goals
– Promote peace
– Promote democracy
– Promote trade and development
President’s Foreign Policy Helpers
• Defense Department
– Sec. of Defense: Robert Gates
– Goals
• Protect the country from attack
• Provide trained or ready military forces
Military Commands
History of Foreign Policy
• Internationalism (Cold War to 1980)
– WWII: US and USSR emerge as dominant powers
(bipolar)
• Soviets expand in Europe, Asia, Africa
– U.S. Policy of “Containment”
– Truman Doctrine: U.S support free people
• Nuclear Missiles and 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
– Detente (1960s and 1970s): Easing of Tensions
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
• Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (to reduce nuclear weapons)
• Pres. Carter (1977-1981): human rights; but foreign policy
failures
• Weakening U.S. nuclear missile capability
History of Foreign Policy
• Internationalism (1980-1991)
– Ronald Reagan
• Built up nuclear arsenal
• Supported military groups overthrowing communist
governments
– Fall of Communism
• USSR: weakened, cannot protect communist governments
– East European people revolt against communist governments
• USSR collapses in 1991:
• Mono-polar world: U.S. only major power
History of Foreign Policy
• Internationalism (1991-Date): Mono-polar world
– Pres. Bush and Clinton
• U.S. promotes democracy in E. Europe and Russia
• Gulf War 1991
– Pres. G.W. Bush
• 9/11 and War on Terrorism
– Bush Doctrine
» Root out terrorism
» US and NATO countries enter Afghanistan and Iraq
» Promoting democracy
» Promoting capitalism
• North Korea explodes nuclear bomb and Iran developing
nuclear bomb
History of Foreign Policy
• Pres. Obama
– National Security Focus
• Defeat terrorism (Afghanistan War)
• Down plays spreading democracy
– Multilateralism: engage other nations in solving
world problems
• Korea: Group of Six
• Use UN to build coalitions to solve problems
– Korean Sanctions
• Use force as a last resort
– Doesn’t want to use the military as a form of leverage
– Date of withdrawal from Afghanistan
North Korean
Nuclear Problem?
__________________
Power in World
Politics
Nuclear Powers
North Korean History
• North Korea
– Communist Dictatorship: Kim Jon
il
• Son: Kim Jon-un
– Economy
• Command: low industrial/agricultural
output
• GDP: $22 Billion (2002)
• Population: 23 Million
– Military
• 4th Largest Army
• 31% of budget goes to military
Brief History
• 1993
– Clinton deal
• N. Korea can develop peaceful nuclear power and gets oil
• N. Korea agrees not to develop nuclear weapons
• 2003
– N. Korea abrogates Nuclear Proliferation Treaty;
demands non-aggression pact with U.S.
• 2006
– Detonates first nuclear bomb
• 2007
– Agrees to end nuclear energy program
• 2008
Brief History
– Restarts nuclear program
• 2009
– Test second nuclear bomb
• 2010
– N. Korea torpedoes S. Korean war ship: 46
killed
– U.S imposes sanctions on luxury goods to N.
Korea
– November
• U.S. scientist visits new enriched uranium plant
• N. Korea attacks disputed Yeonpyeong Island
U.S. Policy Options
• Handout aid and security assurances if N.
Korea agrees to dismantle nuc program
• Military strike on nuclear facilities
• Economic sanctions
• Allow N. Korea to develop nuclear weapons