Download Foundations - North East Independent School District

Sixth Grade Social Studies
1st Nine Weeks
Foundations
Culture
culture
What people
believe, eat,
wear, and how
they live.
culture region
People in an
area of the world
that share the
same culture People in Latin
America share
a similar
culture.
culture borrowing
When people from one culture
borrow things like food, clothing
styles, or art from another culture.
American culture
has shared blue
jeans with the world.
multiculturalism
To accept many cultures instead of just
one.
I like pizza, enchiladas, and
hotdogs. Kids at my school
speak lots of different
languages, and that’s great!
culture
Culture describes how people live. It is
about what they believe, the kinds of foods
they eat and what they wear. People who
live in an area of the world and share a
common culture live in a culture region. In
multiculturalism, people accept many
different cultures. Culture borrowing takes
place when people in one culture borrow
food, clothes, beliefs, or styles from another
culture.
World Religions
Judaism
Followers are
called Jews. They
believe in one God
and that God gave
them the land
called Israel.
Christianity
Followers are called
Christians. They
believe in the same
God as Jews and
Muslims. Christians
believe that Jesus is
the son of God.
Islam
Followers are called
Muslims. They
believe in the same
God as Christians and
Jews. They believe
God sent a prophet
called Mohammad.
Hinduism
Followers are called
Hindus. They believe
in many gods. This
religion started in
India.
Buddhism
Followers are
called Buddhists.
Believers follow
the teachings of a
man they called
the Buddha.
World Religions
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three
religions that all believe in the same God.
Hinduism is a religion that believe in many
gods. Most Hindus live in India. Buddhism
is based on the teachings of a man called
the Buddha.
Government
government
How people in a society decide to
make laws, carry them out, and
change the laws, and how they protect
themselves from danger.
limited government
When the government has limits
placed on it. The government
cannot do whatever it wants.
Sorry government,
but you are not
allowed to do that.
unlimited government
When the
government has
no limits. It can
do whatever it
wants.
I said bad things about
the government, so it
put me in jail.
government
The way a group of people make and carry
out their laws is called a government. In a
limited government, the government has to
follow rules. In an unlimited government,
the government can do whatever it wants.
The United States has a limited government.
Types of Governments
democracy
A government ruled by the people.
The people make all decisions
about how to run things.
We decide how to
govern ourselves.
republic
A government in which citizens elect
people called representatives to
make decisions for them. The United
States is a republic.
We vote for
our leaders.
monarchy
Rule by a king or
queen. The new
king or queen is
the child of the old
one.
totalitarianism
The government
has total control.
The people have
no say in how they
are governed.
If you say bad things
about the government,
you could end up in jail,
like me.
Types of Governments
In a democracy, the people make all
government decisions. People who live in a
republic elect leaders to make government
decision. The only way to become king in a
monarchy is to be the oldest son of the
current king. People who live in a
totalitarian country have no say in their
government.
Geography
geography
The study of
people, places,
and the
environment.
transportation corridor
A path that makes
transportation
easier.
Example – flat plains
or rivers are easy
to travel and make
transportation
easy.
transportation barrier
A geographic feature
that makes
transportation hard
or impossible.
Examples –
mountains and
deserts are hard to
cross.
geography basics 1
What the earth looks like and how people
live in those places is what we study in
geography. Mountains and deserts are
hard to cross, and they are a transportation
barrier. Rivers and flat plains are easy to
travel, and they create a transportation
corridor.
equator
0 degrees latitude
The imaginary line
that divides the
earth into the
northern half and
southern half.
Equator
latitude
Imaginary lines
that measure
distance north and
south of the
equator.
longitude
Imaginary lines that
run from the north
pole to the south
pole. They measure
distance east and
west of 0 degrees
longitude (the prime
meridian)
geography basics 2
Maps have features to help us find places
quickly. Latitude lines go east and west
around the globe. They tell us how far we
are from the equator. The equator divides
the globe in half between the north and
south poles. Longitude lines run from the
north and south poles. They tell us how far
we are from the prime meridian.
Economics
economics
How people use
what they have
available to make
money or provide
services.
market economy
• Each person chooses to own land
and/or business (stocks).
• This choice is based on what will
make money.
• Synonyms: Free Enterprise and
capitalism
command economy
• The government
makes all decisions
about what is
produced, how much
is produced, and the
price it will be sold for.
• People often have no
choice about what
kind of job they have.
You will work where we
tell you to work and make
what we tell you to make
OR ELSE!
traditional economy
Based on customs
and jobs passed
from one generation
to the next.
Example: If the
father was a farmer,
the son will be a
farmer, too.
father
son
Types of Economies
If you live in a market economy, you will
get to decide how you want to make money
based on your skills and education. If you
live in a traditional economy, you will
probably have the same type of job as your
parents and grandparents. If you live in a
command economy, the government will
make all of the decisions about what kind of
jobs you may have.
factors of production
All of the parts needed to make goods
or services.
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natural resources
Raw materials used to make to make
goods
labor resources
Workers (people) with the skills to make
the goods
capital resources
Machines, factories, and supplies used to
make the goods
entrepreneurs
People who bring all of the resources
together to produce goods and services
parts of an economy
The factors of production are the pieces
needed to make goods. They include raw
materials are made into the goods. Labor
resources are the workers who make the
goods. Capital resources are the tools and
factories the workers use to make the
goods. Entrepreneurs are the people who
bring the factors of production together so
that the goods can get made.
supply and demand
Supply – how much of something that you
have
Demand – how much others want your
product
law of supply and demand
• If the supply is high and the demand is
low, the price goes down
• If the supply is low and the demand is
high, the price goes up.
goods and services
• Goods – any object you can buy to satisfy
a want
• Service – an action that meets a want
• Example – Buying a CD is a “good.” Doing
your chores to earn the money for a CD is
a “service.”
Good
Service
trade / barter
An exchange of goods where no money is
involved.
Example: when friends trade with each
other, trading one video game for another.
GDP
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total
value of goods and services that a country
produces in one year. The higher the
GDP, the wealthier the country.
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other economy terms
One way to tell if a nation is wealthy is to
look at its GDP. Wealthy nations have a high
GDP, and poor nations have a low GDP.
Where people do not have access to cash,
they use trade or barter to trade what they do
have for what they do not have but want or need.
Supply and demand helps determine what
goods will cost. People will perform a service,
such as doing chores, to earn money to buy
goods.