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Classifying Matter
Pure
Substances
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Distilled water Pure
Substance
Mixtures
Definition
Heterogeneous Mixture- A mixture where
the components are visibly distinguishable
Characteristics
More than one PHASE – distinct layer with a
uniform composition. Phases can be
distinctly identified.
Colloid – suspended particles are too small to
settle out. (Tyndall Effect)
Suspension – Suspended
particles in this mixture will
settle out.
Heterogeneous
Examples
Separation
Suspensions
Oil and water – 2 phases
Salad dressing – water and
vinegar = phase 1, oil = phase 2,
seasoning = phase 3
Filtration – separates a solid from a
liquid by collecting the solid in a
funnel and allowing the liquid to drain
through the funnel into a flask.
(suspensions)
Sand and water
Colloids
Blood
Glue
Milk
Fog
Centrifugation – Separates particles
in a mixture by particle size and
density differences.
Centrifugation – Blood is a
Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixtures
Definition
Characteristics
Homogeneous Mixture- A mixture where the
components are spread evenly throughout.
Components:
Solvent – dissolving fluid
Solute – substance that is dissolved
Solution – Another name for a
Solvation – the process
where solvent molecules
surround solute molecules.
homogeneous mixture!
Examples
Homogeneous
Volumes are not additive
Separation
Water and alcohol
Koolaid (water and sugar)
14kt gold
(Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals!)
Coffee/Tea
Distillation/Evaporationboiling off the solvent.
The solute remains in the
beaker.
Solubility Factors
What happens to alcohols’ solubility in water as the hydrocarbon
portion of the alcohol molecules gets longer?
Water – Ethanol Interactions
Dissolving a solute in a solvent is favored when the interactions
between the solute and solvent molecules are stronger
than the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions.
Gold is an alloy