Download 2 Other Organic Compounds

Other Organic Compounds
• Table R – for most of these you will use Table
R for examples
Organic Alcohols:
General Formula R-OH
• .Monohydroxyl alcohol:
a. contains
one
-OH group(s)
b. to name: use alkane name, drop the e and
add –ol
*most alcohols are monohydroxyl
• Example:
• Structure
Molecular
Name
Primary Alcohol:
• one with the –OH group attached to an end
carbon (attached to a carbon that is attached
to only one other carbon)
• ex:
Secondary Alcohol
• one with the –OH group attached to a carbon
that is attached to two other carbons
• ex:
•
•
• To name a secondary alcohol, you must name the
longest carbon chain and everything that is
attached to that chain is named as you would
name the alkenes and alkynes.
•
Ex:
Tertiary Alcohol
• one with the –Oh group attached to a carbon
that is attached to three other carbons.
• Ex:
•
•
•
• *name the same way you would name
secondary alcohols!
Dihydroxyl Alcohols
• a. contains two -OH group(s)
• b. to name: use alkane name, drop the e and
add –diol *also include the carbon #’s the –
OH groups are attached to.
• c. you should know:
• Structure
Stock Name
C2H4(OH)2
Common Name
Trihydroxyl Alcohols
• a. contains three -OH group(s)
• b. to name: use alkane name, drop the e and
add –triol *also, name the carbon #’s the –OH
groups are attached to.
• c. you should know: C3H5(OH)3
• Structure
Stock Name
Common Name
Organic Acids (Carboxylic Acids) *weak
electrolytes*
• The only organic electrolytes
– General Formula:
R-COOH
• to name: use alkane name, drop the e and add
–oic acid
• Molecular Form
Structure
Name
• 1
• 2
Aldehydes
• General Formula R-CHO
• a. to name: use the alkane name, drop the e and add al
•
• Molecular Form
Structure
Name
•
1
•
•
•
2
•
• **be careful, name is close to alcohol name!!!
Ketones
• General Formula
R-C-R
• a. to name: use the alkane name, drop the e
and add –one, also name the # of the carbon
containing the =O
• Molecular Form
Structure
Name
Esters
• The product of a combination reaction
between an acid and an alcohol.
• General Formula
R-COOR’
• a. to name: use the beginning of the alcohol
name and the ending of the acid name.
Change the acid name by dropping –ic and
adding –ate.
• Molecular Form
Structure
Name
Ethers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General Formula
R-O-R’
a. to name: name the groups attached to the –OMolecular Form
Structure
Name
*Diethyl ether is commonly used as a solvent and
anesthetic*
• B. Amines:
• 1. General Formula
group –NH2
R-NH2; functional
– a. to name: drop the e off the alkane name, add amine
• Molecular Formula
Name
Structure
• B. Amino Acids: the building blocks of
proteins, they are the combination of acids
and amines.
• 1. Simple amino acids are named using the
IUPAC system, but most are complex and
common names are used.
• Example:
• B. Amides: the combination of an amine and
an aldehyde
• 1. General Formula
R-C-NH2
– a. to name: drop the e from the alkane name and
add -amide
• Molecular Formula
Structure Name