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Carbon Chemistry
Carbon Chemistry
Carbon:
a.) has 4 outer electrons so it can
combine with up to four other elements.
C
b.) makes very strong bonds with other
carbon atoms
c.) makes long chains of carbon.
C C C C C
Carbon Chemistry
d.) carbon can make ring structures or
circular molecules
C
C
C
C
C
GLUCOSE:
C
the –ose tells you it is a sugar
Carbon Chemistry
e.) makes branched chains
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C C C C C
Carbon Chemistry
BONDING IN CARBON ATOMS
a) Carbon forms single, double or triple
bonds with other carbon atoms or other
elements
Carbon Chemistry
Forms of Pure Carbon
Diamonds: a crystal form of carbon
Carbon Chemistry
Forms of Pure Carbon
Graphite: layers of carbon bonded together
Carbon Chemistry
Forms of Pure Carbon
Other Structure: tubes, balls, cylinders etc.
Nanotube-used to make
electrical circuits
Fullerene-used to carry
drugs throughout the body
Carbon Chemistry
Carbon Compounds
Any substance where the CARBON atom is the
main atom is called an organic compound.
Many organic compounds have similar properties
like LOW boiling points, LOW melting points, odor, no
electrical conductivity, etc.
Most organic compounds are liquids or gasses at
room temperature.
Carbon Chemistry
The most important of all organic molecules are
called POLYMERS
Polymers are long chains of molecules made of
smaller units called monomers.
Example: DNA, protein, starch and wood (cellulose)
Carbon Chemistry
Types of Carbon Compounds
HYDROCARBONS: compounds made of
HYDROGEN AND CARBON
a.) very flammable
b.) formed from straight chains, branched chains
and rings
c.) molecules are represented by a structural
formulas
Carbon Chemistry
ISOMERS
Carbon compounds with the same
chemical formula but with a different structural
formulas
Carbon Chemistry
ISOMERS
Carbon compounds with the same
chemical formula but with a different structural
formulas
Carbon Chemistry
SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBONS:
any carbon compound where some of the
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by other
elements or groups.
H
H
Carbon Chemistry
Types of Substituted Hydrocarbons
Alcohols: when an –OH group is attached to a
carbon chain
Organic Acids: when a –COOH group is attached
to a carbon chain (vinegar is an organic acid)
Esters: often are carbon rings attached to a
carbon chain which give the molecules a smell
Carbon Chemistry
Small molecules in the body include things like
water, sugar, salts, amino acids, nucleic acids
H2O
C6H12O6
NaCl
DNA is made of 4 bases: Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine and Thymine A-T C-G