Download File - Hanna Architecture

Chapter 17
Electrical Plans
Links for Chapter 17
Circuit Design
Symbols and Wiring
Steps in Drawing
Relate Web Sites
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Circuit Design
• Place switches and outlets at convenient
locations
• Outlets should be a maximum of 12’ apart
and 6’ from an opening
• Keep outlets accessible
• Keep an outlet in the hallway and close
together in kitchen
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Circuit Design
• Kitchen, bathroom, laundry, and outdoor
circuits require ground-fault interrupter (GFI)
• Exhaust fan needed in bathroom
• Ceiling lights are common in children’s
bedrooms
• Place a light over the sink in the kitchen
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Circuit Design
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Place switches so they are near lights
Locate lights in closets or alcove
Use 220-volt outlets in a shop
Light stairways well
Use exterior lights to illuminate outside areas
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Energy Conservation
• Keep outlets at a minimum on outside walls
• Use a back draft fan or automatic damper to
limit air leakage
• Use timed thermostats to control heating and
cooling automatically
• Run outside wires along on bottom plate
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Energy Conservation
• Select energy-efficient appliances
• Use fluorescent lights whenever possible
• Caulk and seal around all light and
convenience outlets
• Use recessed lights with insulation cover (IC)
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Home Automation
• Automation is a method of controlling and
operating mechanical devices without human
intervention
• Consider an in-home theater
• Computerize lighting, heating, and security
• Structured wiring is used for in-home
computer networks
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Electrical Design Considerations
• Entry - One light controlled by a switch and
GFI outlet
• Patio/Porch - Lighting and GFI outlets
• Living area - Ceiling light/fan and outlets
• Dining room - Switch-controlled ceiling light
• Kitchen - Outlets above the counter, for
appliances, and adequate lighting
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Electrical Design Considerations
• Bedrooms - Lighting in room and closets with
outlets
• Bathrooms - GFI outlets, ceiling lights and
fans
• Laundry - Ceiling lights with 120- and 220volt outlets
• Smoke detectors - One in each sleeping area
and on each story
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Electrical Design Considerations
• Telephones - Located in kitchen, office, and
master bedroom
• Television, cable, stereo, security - Usually
wired by a specialist
• Computer - Wired for a computer network to
maximize printing and file-sharing
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Universal Electrical Installations
• Switch Location - Place 2’-6” above floor
• Convenience Outlets - 15” above the floor
and about 8’ apart
• Lighting - Provide lighting that is controlled
by dimmer switches
• Communications - Provide additional phone
jacks and an intercom system if needed
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Electrical Symbols
• All electrical symbols should be drawn with a
1/8” circle
• Symbols and lines should not clutter drawing
• Switches are drawn perpendicular to a wall
• Draw lines with a French curve
• Local notes may be applied in special
situations
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Electrical Layouts
EXHAUST FAN IS DESIRABLE BUT NOT
REQUIRED WITH OPENABLE WINDOW
WATERPROOF LIGHT
IN SHOWER
WP
SS
F
VENT FAN TO
OUTSIDE AIR
48"
GFCI
48"
GFCI
F
ENCLOSED BATH AREA
REQUIRES EXHAUST FAN
BATH VANITY WITH TWO SINKS
REQUIRES TWO DUPLEX OUTLETS
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Electrical Layouts
2'
(610mm)
4'
(1220mm)
GFCI
S
DW
GFCI
S
GD
4' (1220 mm) MIN
OUTLET SPACING
ALONG OPEN COUNTER
HOOD W/ LIGHT
& FAN, VENT TO
OUTSIDE AIR
48" X 72" LIGHT SOFFIT W/
5-48" FLOUR FIXTURES
S3
DBL OVEN
BRM
S3 S
NOTE:
ALL KITCHEN LIGHTS
AND FIXTURES TO
BE GFCI CIRCUITS
PROVIDE SEPARATE
CIRCUIT FOR MICROWAVE
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Wiring Specifications
• Typical residential service is 200 amps
• Service can be distributed overhead or
underground
• Locate meter on garage or exterior side wall
• Locate the distribution panel in garage or
close to heavy load devices
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Drawing Electrical Plans
• Letter all switch locations and draw all fixture
locations
• Draw electrical circuits or switch legs with
dashed line
• Place electrical outlets
• Add local notes
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Heat and Light
• Electricity- form of energy that can produce
light, heat, magnetism, and chemical
changes
• Resistance- tendency of material to resist
electrical flow
• Conductor- allow electricity flow easily
• Insulator- great resistance to the flow of
electricity
Amperes, Volts, and Watts
• Amperes- a measure of the rate of flow of
electricity
• Volts- a measure of electric pressure
• Watts- measure of the amount of energy or
work that can be done
Watts= Volts x Amperes Volts= Watts
Amperes=Watts
Amperes
Volts
Electrical Safety
• Place all heater and lamps away form
combustible materials
• Keep metal cases or cabinets of eletrical
appliances grounded
• Do not remove the back oa a TV set
• Keep electrical motors lubricated and free of
grease and dirt
Electrical Safety
• Keep appliance dry
• Do not use switches, outlets, fixture, or
extension cords that are cracked or damaged
• Follow manufacture’s instructions
Types of Cables
• Nonmetallic sheathed cable- consists of
copper or aluminum wires covered with
paper and vinyl
• Armored cable- a flexible metal sheath with
individual wires inside
• Conduit- tubing that contains individual
insulated wires
• Electrical metallic tube- bendable type of
metal
Wire Identification
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Type T- used for dry locations
Type TW- use in dry or wet locations
Type THHN- dry locations, high temperature
Type THW and THWN- wet locations, high
temperature
• Type XHHW- high moisture and heat
resistance
• Type UF- direct burial in soil but not concrete
Wire Identification
• Positive (hot) wires- black, red, blue wires
that carry current to appliances
• Neutral wires- white wires that carry current
from the appliance back to the source
• Green wires and bare wires are used to
ground all metal boxes and appliances
Career Options After Training
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Industrial electrician
Maintenance electrician
Commercial electrician
General electrician
Project manager
Construction superintendent
Supervisor
Contractor
Independent business owner
Wages
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Electric power generation, transmission and distribution
$28.15
Local government
$25.66
Nonresidential building construction
$22.21
Building equipment contractors
$21.72
Employment services
$18.32
Top 16 Tools
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Fish Tape
Tape Measure
Voltmeter
Hammer
Channel Lock Pliers
Wire Strippers
Non-Contact Voltage Detector
Side Cutter Diagonal Pliers
Wire Crimper
Straight-head Screwdriver
Philips Screwdriver
Razor Blade Knife (Utility Knife)
Allen Wrench Set (Hex set)
Flashlight
Torpedo Level
Linesman Pliers
Wires
• Aluminum and Copper
• Black = AC hot
Red = switched AC hot
Yellow = AC hot from a another source
White = neutral
Red w/white tracer = switched neutral
Green or green w/ yellow tracer = ground/earth ground
• The bigger the number size the smaller the
wire and voltage.
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Related Web Sites
• Audio Video Environment www.avenow.com
• Leviton- www.leviton.com/
• Nutone- www.nutone.com
• On Q Home Wiring Systemswww.onqtech.com
• SquareD - www.squared.com
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