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POWER ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS Eng.Mohammed Alsumady Relationship of Power Electronics 5/23/2017 2 POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY • As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become wider. There are already many power semiconductor devices that are commercially available, however, the development in this direction is continuing. • The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall generally into four categories : -AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier) -DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper) -AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator) -DC to AC Converter (Inverter) • The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the control strategy. Power Electronics Application • Power Electronics defined as the application of solidstate (devices) electronics for the control and conversion of electric power. • Power electronics have already found an important place in modern technology and are now used in a great variety of high-power product, including heat controls, light controls, electric motor control, power supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING DEVICES 1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode) 2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors) 3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT, MOSFET, GTO, IGBT) 4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT) 5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO) 6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC) 7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT) Diagram Block of Converters • Diode Rectifiers. A diode rectifier circuit converts AC voltage into a fixed DC voltage. The input voltage to rectifier could be either single phase or three phase. • AC to DC Converters. An AC to DC converter circuit can convert AC voltage into a DC voltage. The DC output voltage can be controlled by varying the firing angle of the thyristors. The AC input voltage could be a single phase or three phase. • AC to AC Converters. This converters can convert from a fixed ac input voltage into variable AC output voltage. The output voltage is controlled by varying firing angle of TRIAC. These type converters are known as AC voltage regulators. • DC to DC Converters . These converters can converte a fixed DC input voltage into variable DC voltage or vice versa. The DC output voltage is controlled by varying of duty cycle. 8 9 10 11 12 13 5/23/2017 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Examples of Some Applications 5/23/2017 28 History of Power Electronics 5/23/2017 29 Types of Power Devices 5/23/2017 30 General Purposes Diodes 5/23/2017 31 Thyristors 5/23/2017 32 GTOs 5/23/2017 33 Power Ratings of Devices 5/23/2017 34 Ratings of Power Devices 5/23/2017 35 Devices Symbols and Characteristics 5/23/2017 36 Devices Symbols and Characteristics 5/23/2017 37 Applications of Power Devices 5/23/2017 38 Control Characteristics of Devices 5/23/2017 39 Control Characteristics of Devices 5/23/2017 40 Switching Characteristics 5/23/2017 41 Ideal Characteristics Ideal Characteristics 5/23/2017 42 Voltage and Current Waveforms 5/23/2017 43 Diode Rectifiers Vo ( average ) 5/23/2017 2Vm 44 Ac-dc Converter • AC to DC Converters -Single phase, half wave AC to DC converter Input voltage Output average voltage : rms value of Output voltage : Waveform of single-phase, half wave AC to DC converter α AC-DC Converter 46 Vo ( average) Vrms 5/23/2017 Vm (1 cos ) Vm 1 sin 2 (( ) ) 2 2 47 1. AC to DC Converters -Single phase, Full wave AC to DC converter The average output voltage can be found from : 5/23/2017 48 AC to DC Converters Single phase, Full wave AC to DC converter 5/23/2017 49 3 Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier with Inductive Load 5/23/2017 50 3 Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier with Inductive Load 5/23/2017 51 5/23/2017 52 Three Phase Controlled Rectifier with Resistive Load 5/23/2017 53 Three Phase Controlled Rectifier with Inductive Load 5/23/2017 54 3 Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier With Inductive Load 5/23/2017 55 AC to DC Converters -Three-phase, Half wave AC to DC converter with inductive load If the phase voltage is : van= Vm Sin(wt). The average output voltage for a continuous load current is : 5/23/2017 56 5/23/2017 57 AC to DC Converters -Three-phase, Half wave AC to DC converter 5/23/2017 58 5/23/2017 59 5/23/2017 60 5/23/2017 61 5/23/2017 62 5/23/2017 63 5/23/2017 64 5/23/2017 65 5/23/2017 66 5/23/2017 67 5/23/2017 68 5/23/2017 69 5/23/2017 70 5/23/2017 71 5/23/2017 72 5/23/2017 73 5/23/2017 74 5/23/2017 75 5/23/2017 76 5/23/2017 77 5/23/2017 78 5/23/2017 79 5/23/2017 80 5/23/2017 81 5/23/2017 82 5/23/2017 83 5/23/2017 84 5/23/2017 85 AC-AC Converter 1/ 2 Vo ( rms ) 5/23/2017 Vm 1 sin 2 2 2 86 IGBT in DC-DC Converter Vo ( average ) VS 5/23/2017 87 DC-AC Converter Vo1( rms fundamental ) 5/23/2017 4Vs 0.90VS 2 88 UPS System 5/23/2017 89 RMS Values of Waveforms 5/23/2017 90 RMS Values of Waveforms 5/23/2017 91 Power Converter System 5/23/2017 92 Drive System 5/23/2017 93 Smart Power System 5/23/2017 94 Summary • Power electronics uses low power electronics (ICs, microprocessors, controllers ), and switching power devices for power converter and/or processing from one form of power to another. • The characteristics of the power devices play a major role in the speed and effectiveness of the power conversion. 5/23/2017 95