Download Introduction to Power Electronics Students Version

POWER ELECTRONICS
CIRCUITS, DEVICES, AND
APPLICATIONS
Eng.Mohammed Alsumady
Relationship of Power Electronics
5/23/2017
2
POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
• As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated
circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become
wider. There are already many power semiconductor devices that are
commercially available, however, the development in this direction is continuing.
• The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall
generally into four categories :
-AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier)
-DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper)
-AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator)
-DC to AC Converter (Inverter)
•
The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the
power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated
by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the
control strategy.
Power Electronics Application
• Power Electronics defined as the application of solidstate (devices) electronics for the control and
conversion of electric power.
• Power electronics have already found an important
place in modern technology and are now used in a
great variety of high-power product, including heat
controls, light controls, electric motor control, power
supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems.
POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING
DEVICES
1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)
2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)
3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,
MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)
4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)
5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)
6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)
7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET,
IGBT)
Diagram Block of Converters
•
Diode Rectifiers. A diode rectifier circuit converts AC voltage into a fixed DC
voltage. The input voltage to rectifier could be either single phase or three phase.
•
AC to DC Converters. An AC to DC converter circuit can convert AC
voltage into a DC voltage. The DC output voltage can be controlled by varying
the firing angle of the thyristors. The AC input voltage could be a single phase or
three phase.
•
AC to AC Converters. This converters can convert from a fixed ac input voltage
into variable AC output voltage. The output voltage is controlled by varying
firing angle of TRIAC. These type converters are known as AC voltage
regulators.
•
DC to DC Converters . These converters can converte a fixed DC input voltage
into variable DC voltage or vice versa. The DC output voltage is controlled by
varying of duty cycle.
8
9
10
11
12
13
5/23/2017
14
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Examples of
Some
Applications
5/23/2017
28
History of Power Electronics
5/23/2017
29
Types of Power Devices
5/23/2017
30
General Purposes Diodes
5/23/2017
31
Thyristors
5/23/2017
32
GTOs
5/23/2017
33
Power Ratings of Devices
5/23/2017
34
Ratings of Power Devices
5/23/2017
35
Devices Symbols and Characteristics
5/23/2017
36
Devices Symbols and Characteristics
5/23/2017
37
Applications of Power Devices
5/23/2017
38
Control Characteristics of Devices
5/23/2017
39
Control Characteristics of Devices
5/23/2017
40
Switching Characteristics
5/23/2017
41
Ideal Characteristics
Ideal
Characteristics
5/23/2017
42
Voltage and Current Waveforms
5/23/2017
43
Diode Rectifiers
Vo ( average ) 
5/23/2017
2Vm

44
Ac-dc Converter
•
AC to DC Converters
-Single phase, half wave AC to DC converter
Input voltage
Output average voltage :
rms value of Output voltage :
Waveform of single-phase, half wave AC to DC converter α
AC-DC Converter
46
Vo ( average) 
Vrms
5/23/2017
Vm

(1  cos  )
Vm 1
sin 2

((   ) 
)
2
2 
47
1. AC to DC Converters
-Single phase, Full wave AC to DC converter
The average output voltage can be found from :
5/23/2017
48
AC to DC Converters
Single phase, Full wave AC to DC converter
5/23/2017
49
3 Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier with
Inductive Load
5/23/2017
50
3 Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled
Rectifier with Inductive Load
5/23/2017
51
5/23/2017
52
Three Phase Controlled Rectifier with Resistive
Load
5/23/2017
53
Three Phase Controlled Rectifier with Inductive
Load
5/23/2017
54
3 Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier
With Inductive Load
5/23/2017
55
AC to DC Converters
-Three-phase, Half wave AC to DC converter with
inductive load
If the phase voltage is : van= Vm Sin(wt). The
average output voltage for a continuous load current is :
5/23/2017
56
5/23/2017
57
AC to DC Converters
-Three-phase, Half wave AC to DC converter
5/23/2017
58
5/23/2017
59
5/23/2017
60
5/23/2017
61
5/23/2017
62
5/23/2017
63
5/23/2017
64
5/23/2017
65
5/23/2017
66
5/23/2017
67
5/23/2017
68
5/23/2017
69
5/23/2017
70
5/23/2017
71
5/23/2017
72
5/23/2017
73
5/23/2017
74
5/23/2017
75
5/23/2017
76
5/23/2017
77
5/23/2017
78
5/23/2017
79
5/23/2017
80
5/23/2017
81
5/23/2017
82
5/23/2017
83
5/23/2017
84
5/23/2017
85
AC-AC Converter
1/ 2
Vo ( rms )
5/23/2017
Vm  1 
sin 2  

       2 
2 

86
IGBT in DC-DC Converter
Vo ( average )   VS
5/23/2017
87
DC-AC Converter
Vo1( rms  fundamental ) 
5/23/2017
4Vs
 0.90VS
 2
88
UPS System
5/23/2017
89
RMS Values of Waveforms
5/23/2017
90
RMS Values of Waveforms
5/23/2017
91
Power Converter System
5/23/2017
92
Drive System
5/23/2017
93
Smart Power System
5/23/2017
94
Summary
• Power electronics uses low power electronics
(ICs, microprocessors, controllers ), and
switching power devices for power converter
and/or processing from one form of power to
another.
• The characteristics of the power devices play
a major role in the speed and effectiveness of
the power conversion.
5/23/2017
95