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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
SAFETY RELATED WORK PRACTICES
29 CFR 1910.331-335
WELCOME
COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Accident Prevention.
 Introduce Electrical Safety and Establish Its Role
in Today’s Industry.
 Introduce Basic Concepts and Techniques of
Electrical Safety Related Work Practices.
 Provide Electrical Safety Skills for Personnel Who
May Come Into Contact With Electrical Hazards.
BASIS FOR THIS COURSE
 Electrical Safety Results in Accident Reduction
 Elimination of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses Where Possible
 Reduction of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses Where Possible
 Development of Efficient Electrical Safety Techniques
 OSHA Safety Standards Require:
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Workers Be Properly Protected Against Injury
Training Be Conducted
Electrical Hazards and Precautions Be Explained
An “Electrical Safety” Program Be Established
Job Electrical Hazards Be Assessed and Controlled
Personal Protective Equipment Be Provided
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
29CFR - Safety and Health Standards
1910 - Industrial Safety
Sub Part S - Electrical
331 - Scope of the Requirements
332 - Training Requirements
333 - Selection/Use of Work Practices
334 - Use of Equipment
335 - Safeguards for Personnel
INDUSTRY CONSENSUS STANDARDS
ANSI - C2-81 National Electrical Safety Code
NFPA - 70-78 National Electrical Code
- 70E Electrical Safety in Workplaces
PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
 Safeguard Electrical Sources.
 Review Job Specific Hazards.
 Implement Corrective Actions.
 Conduct Hazard Assessments.
 Conduct Accident Investigations.
 Provide Training to All Required Employees.
 Control Workplace Hazards Using PPE As a Last Resort.
TRAINING FOR UNQUALIFIED PERSONS
THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:
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Train in Safety Related Work Practices.
Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment.
Explain The Specific Regulations That Apply.
Explain The Hazards Associated with Electricity.
TRAINING FOR QUALIFIED PERSONS
THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:
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Train in Safety Related Work Practices.
Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment.
Explain The Specific Regulations That Apply.
Explain The Hazards Associated with Electricity.
Teach Them to Determine The Nominal Voltage of Live Parts.
Teach Them Determine The Clearance Distances of Live Parts.
Teach Them to Distinguish Between Live Parts and Other Parts.
RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:
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New Electrical Hazard.
Program Related Injury.
Change in Job Assignment.
New Equipment Introduced.
New Hazard Control Methods.
Failure in the Safety Work Practices.
Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY IS IMPORTANT
A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:
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Improve Quality.
Improve Absenteeism.
Maintain a Healthier Work Force.
Reduce Injury and Illness Rates.
Acceptance of High-Turnover Jobs.
Workers Feel Good About Their Work.
Reduce Workers’ Compensation Costs.
Elevate SAFETY to a Higher Level of Awareness.
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION OF A ELECTRICAL SAFETY
PROGRAM REQUIRES:
 DEDICATION
 PERSONAL INTEREST
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
NOTE:
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE
IS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!
MANAGEMENT’S ROLE
 Considerations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Get Involved.
Ensure Your Support Is Visible.
Support the Electrical Safety Effort.
Implement Ways to Measure Effectiveness.
Attend the Same Training As Your Workers.
Insist on Periodic Follow-up & Program Review.
Follow-up on the Actions You Took.
THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
 Considerations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Get Involved.
Get Your Workers Involved.
Never Ridicule Any Injury or Near Miss.
Treat All “Near-Misses” As an Accident.
Complete the Paperwork for Improvements.
Attend the Same Training As Your Workers.
Be Professional - You Could Save a Life Today.
Get Involved in the Safeguarding of Electrical Sources.
Follow-up on the Actions You Took.
THE EMPLOYEE’S ROLE
 Considerations:
1. Get Involved.
2. Contribute to Make Corrective Actions.
3. Know the Hazards Associated with Your Job.
4. Report All Accidents and Near-Misses Immediately.
5. Always Provide Complete and Accurate Information.
6. Report All Electrical Safety Problems or Deficiencies.
7. Follow-up With Any Additional Information.
SAFETY COMMITTEE
 Safety Committees Should:
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Document Meetings.
Encourage Employee Involvement.
Provide Feedback Without Fear of Reprisal.
Make Recommendations for Corrective Action.
Analyze Statistical Data Concerning Accidents.
Hold Regular Electrical Safety Review Meetings.
Bring Employee Concerns to Management's Attention.
Follow-up Is Critical.
WORK COVERED BY 331-335
The provisions of 29 CFR 1910.331 - 335
cover electrical safety work practices for
both qualified and unqualified persons
working on, near, or with:
1. PREMISES WIRING
2. WIRING FOR CONNECTIONS TO SUPPLY
3. OUTSIDE CONDUCTORS ON THE PREMISES
EXCLUDED WORK
The provisions of 29 CFR 1910.331 - 335 do
not apply to electrical safety work practices
for both qualified and unqualified persons
working on, or directly with:
1. POWER GENERATION*
2. POWER TRANSMISSION*
3. POWER DISTRIBUTION*
* Covered under other regulations
DEFINITIONS
Qualified Person:
 A person who has the training
in avoiding the electrical
hazards of working on or near
exposed energized parts. And
who is familiar with the
construction and operation of
the equipment and hazards
involved with the job
DEFINITIONS
(Continued)
Unqualified Person:
 A person who has little or no
training with respect to
avoiding
the
electrical
hazards of working on or near
exposed energized parts. And
who is not familiar with the
construction and operation of
the equipment and hazards
involved with the job.
APPROACH DISTANCES
Approach Distances - Qualified Person:
Note: This table applies to overhead lines but
may be used to develop local guidelines
Voltage Range (Phase-to-Phase)
Minimum Approach Distance
300 V and less
Over 300 V, not over 750 V
Over 750 V, not over 2 kV
Over 2 kV, not over 15 kV
Over 15 kV, not over 37 kV
Over 37 kV, not over 87.5 kV
Over 87.5 kV, not over 121 kV
Over 121 kV, not over 140 kV
Avoid Contact
1 ft 0 in (30.5 cm)
1 ft 6 in (46.0 cm)
2 ft 0 in (61.0 cm)
3 ft 0 in (91.0 cm)
3 ft 6 in (107.0 cm)
4 ft 0 in (122.0 cm)
4 ft 6 in (137.0 cm)
APPROACH DISTANCES
(Continued)
Approach Distances - Unqualified Person:
Note: This table applies to overhead lines but
may be used to develop local guidelines
Voltage Range (Phase-to-Phase)
Minimum Approach Distance
50,000 V and less
50,001 to 150,000 V
10 ft
15 ft
APPROACH DISTANCES
(Continued)
Approach Distances - Unqualified Person:
ALTERNATIVE METHODS
Where it is not feasible to comply with
established approached distances alternative
methods may be used as long as the
operation is supervised by an authorized
employee:
APPROACH DISTANCES
(Continued)
Approach Distances - Unqualified Person:
ALTERNATIVE METHODS
1. The energized parts must be insulated using blankets, line
hose, or other such insulating materials and or;
2. Insulating barricades must be to physically prevent the
worker from contacting the energized conductors and or;
3. The workers must be protected using rubber gloves,
sleeves, flash suits, or other protective equipment.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
 Knockouts and Panel Fillers:
Ensure knockouts and panel fillers
are inplace to prevent accidental
contact by unqualified personnel.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Illumination:
SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER
Employees may not enter spaces
containing exposed energized
parts unless illumination is provided that enables he or
she to perform the work safely.
Employees may not reach blindly into areas which may
contain energized parts.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 General:
Safety-related work practices must be employed to
prevent electric shock or other injuries resulting
from either direct or indirect electrical contacts,
when work is performed near or on equipment or
circuits which are or may be energized.
The specific safety-related work practices must be
consistent with the nature and extent of the
associated electrical hazards.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Denergized Parts
 Live parts must be de-energized before work is permitted
on or near them, unless it can be demonstrated that deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is
infeasible due to equipment design or operational
limitations.
 Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground need
not be de-energized if there will be no increased exposure
to electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Energized Parts
 If the exposed live parts are not de-energized (i.e., for
reasons of increased or additional hazards or infeasibility),
other safety-related work practices must be used to protect
employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards
involved.
 Such work practices must protect employees against
contact with energized circuit parts directly with any part of
their body or indirectly through some other conductive
object.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts
 Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit parts or
equipment that have not been de-energized.
 Such persons must be capable of working safely on
energized circuits and must be familiar with the proper use
of special precautionary techniques, personal protective
equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and
insulated tools.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Overhead Lines
 If work is performed near overhead lines, they must be deenergized and grounded, or other protective measures
provided before work is started.
 If the lines are to be de-energized, arrangements must be
made with the person or organization that operates or
controls them to de-energize and ground them.
 All protective measures, must prevent employees from
contacting lines directly with any body part or indirectly
through conductive materials, tools, or equipment.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
LOCKOUT TAGOUT OVERVIEW
29 CFR - 1910 - 147
29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY
147 - LOCKOUT TAGOUT STANDARD
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
LOCKOUT TAGOUT OVERVIEW
 TITLE - CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY
 SEPTEMBER 1, 1989 - FINAL RULE ISSUED
 JANUARY 2, 1990 - FINAL RULE TOOK EFFECT
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
LOCKOUT TAGOUT DEFINITIONS
 Authorized Employee
The Person Who Locks or Tags Out Machines
To Perform Servicing or Maintenance.
 Affected Employee
DANGER
LOCKED
OUT
DO NOT OPERATE
This Lock/Tag may
only be removed by
NAME: _______________
DEPT : _______________
EXPECTED COMPLETION
DATE: ________________
TIME: _________________
An Employee Whose Job Requires Him or Her To Operate or Use a
Machine or Piece of Equipment On Which Servicing or Maintenance
Is Being Performed.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Lockout Tagout Operations
 While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of
fixed electric equipment or circuits which have been deenergized, the circuits energizing the parts must be locked
out or tagged or both.
 Fixed equipment refers to equipment fastened in place or
connected by permanent wiring methods.
 The employer must also maintain a written copy of the
procedures.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Application of Locks and Tags
 A lock and a tag must be placed on each disconnecting
means used to de-energize circuits and equipment on
which work is to be performed. The lock must be securely
attached.
 Each tag must contain a statement prohibiting
unauthorized operation and removal of the tag.
 If a lock cannot be applied, or if the employer can
demonstrate that tagging procedures will provide a level
of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock, a
tag may be used without a lock.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Application of Locks and Tags
A tag used without a lock, must be supplemented by at least
one additional safety measure that provides a level of safety
equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock.
Examples include:
1. Removal of an isolating circuit element
2. Blocking of a controlling switch
3. Opening of an extra disconnecting device
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Application of Locks and Tags
A lock may be placed without a tag only under the following
conditions:
1. Only one circuit or piece of equipment is deenergized, and
2. The lockout period does not extend past the work shift, and
3. Exposed employees are familiar with this procedure
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Verification of Denergized Condition
1. A qualified person must operate the equipment operating
controls or otherwise verify that the equipment cannot be
restarted.
2. A qualified person must use test equipment to test the
circuit elements and electrical parts of equipment to
which employees will be exposed and verify that the
circuit elements and equipment parts are de-energized.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Verification of Denergized Condition
3. Tests must determine if any energized condition exists as
a result of inadvertently induced voltage or unrelated
voltage back feed even though specific parts of the circuit
have been de-energized and presumed to be safe.
Note: If the circuit to be tested is over 600 volts, nominal, the
test equipment must be checked for proper operation
immediately before and immediately after this test.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Reenergizing Equipment
The following requirements must be met, in the order given,
before circuits or equipment are reenergized, even
temporarily.
1. A qualified person must conduct tests and visual
inspections, as necessary, to verify that all tools,
electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such
devices have been removed.
2.
Exposed employees must be warned to stay clear of
circuits and equipment during re-energization.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Reenergizing Equipment
3. Each lock and tag must be removed by the employee who
applied it or under his or her direct supervision. If this
employee is absent, then the lock or tag may be removed by
a designated qualified person provided that:
 The employer ensures that the employee who applied
the lock or tag is not available at the workplace, and.
 The employee is aware that the lock or tag has been
removed before he or she resumes work.
 A visual determination ensures all employees are clear.
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
CONFINED SPACE OVERVIEW
29 CFR - 1910 - 146
29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY
146 - CONFINED SPACES
SELECTION OF WORK PRACTICES
(Continued)
 Confined Spaces:
SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER
Confined spaces must be assessed and
strict guidelines followed.
Energized parts must be protected from accidental
contact.
Doors, hinged panels and the like must be secured to
prevent them from contacting workers or live parts.
VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
Elevated Equipment:
Vehicles or mechanical equipment
capable of having elevated parts near
energized overhead lines must be
operated so that a clearance of 10 ft.
(305 cm) is maintained.
If the voltage is higher than 50kV, the
clearance must be increased 4 in. (10
cm) for every 10kV over that voltage.
VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Elevated Equipment:
Clearance may be reduced if:
1. If the vehicle is in transit with its
structure lowered, the clearance may be
reduced to 4 ft. (122 cm). If the voltage is
higher than 50kV, the clearance must be
increased 4 in. (10 cm) for every 10kV
over that voltage.
VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Elevated Equipment:
Clearance may be reduced if:
2. If insulating barriers are installed to
prevent contact with the lines, and if the
barriers are rated for the voltage of the
line being guarded and are not a part of
or an attachment to the vehicle or its
raised structure, the clearance may be
reduced to a distance within the
designed working dimensions of the
insulating barrier.
VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Clearance May be reduced if:
3. The equipment is an aerial lift insulated for the voltage involved, and
if the work is performed by a qualified person, the clearance (between
the uninsulated portion of the aerial lift and the power line) may be
reduced to the distance given in 29 CFR 1910.334 S-5 Below.
Voltage Range (Phase-to-Phase) Minimum Approach Distance
300 V and less
Over 300 V, not over 750 V
Over 750 V, not over 2 kV
Over 2 kV, not over 15 kV
Over 15 kV, not over 37 kV
Over 37 kV, not over 87.5 kV
Over 87.5 kV, not over 121 kV
Over 121 kV, not over 140 kV
Avoid Contact
1 ft 0 in (30.5 cm)
1 ft 6 in (46.0 cm)
2 ft 0 in (61.0 cm)
3 ft 0 in (91.0 cm)
3 ft 6 in (107.0 cm)
4 ft 0 in (122.0 cm)
4 ft 6 in (137.0 cm)
VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Employees On The Ground:
Employees standing on the ground may not contact the vehicle or
mechanical equipment or any of its attachments, unless:
1. The employee is using protective equipment rated for the
voltage; or
2. The equipment is located so that no uninsulated part of its
structure that provides a conductive path can come closer than the
approach distances outlined in to the line than permitted in to the
distance given in 29 CFR 1910.334 Table S-5.
VEHICULAR AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Employees On The Ground:
If any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts
of its structure elevated near energized overhead lines is
intentionally grounded, employees working on the ground near
the point of grounding may not stand at the grounding location
whenever there is a possibility of overhead line contact.
Additional precautions, such as the use of barricades or
insulation, must be taken to protect employees from hazardous
ground potentials, depending on earth resistivity and fault
currents, which can develop within the first few feet or more
outward from the grounding point.
PORTABLE LADDERS
Portable Ladders:
Portable ladders must have nonconductive
siderails if they are used where the employee or the
ladder could contact exposed energized parts.
CONDUCTIVE APPAREL
Conductive Apparel:
Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing may not
be worn if they might contact exposed energized
parts. However, such articles may be worn if they
are rendered nonconductive by covering, wrapping,
or other insulating means.
HOUSEKEEPING DUTIES
Housekeeping Duties:
 Where live parts present an electrical contact
hazard, employees may not perform housekeeping
duties at distances where there is a possibility of
contact.
 Adequate safeguards (such as insulating
equipment or barriers) must be provided.
 Electrically conductive cleaning materials may not
be used in proximity to energized parts unless
procedures are followed which prevent electrical
contact.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY INTERLOCKS
Interlocks:
Only a qualified person may defeat an electrical safety
interlock, and then only temporarily using established
procedures while he or she is working on the equipment.
The interlock system must be returned to its operable
condition when this work is completed.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
Portable Electric Equipment:
1. Handling. Portable equipment must be handled in a
manner which will not cause damage. Flexible electric
cords connected to equipment may not be used for
raising or lowering the equipment. Flexible cords may
not be fastened with staples or otherwise hung in such
a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or
insulation.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Portable Electric Equipment:
2. Visual inspection. Portable cord- and plug-connected
equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) must be
visually inspected before use on any shift for external defects
and for evidence of possible internal damage (such as pinched
or crushed outer jacket).
3. Cord- and plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets
(extension cords) which remain connected once they are put in
place and are not exposed to damage need not be visually
inspected until they are relocated. If there is a defect or
evidence of damage they must be removed from service.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Conductive Work Locations:
Portable electric equipment and flexible cords used in highly
conductive work locations (such as those inundated with
water or other conductive liquids), or in job locations where
employees are likely to contact water or conductive liquids,
must be approved for those locations.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Connecting Attachment Plugs:
1. Employees' hands may not be wet when plugging and
unplugging flexible cords and cord- and plug-connected
equipment, if energized equipment is involved.
2. Energized plug and receptacle connections may be handled
only with insulating protective equipment if the condition of the
connection could provide a conducting path to the employee's
hand (if, for example, a cord connector is wet from being
immersed in water).
3. Locking-type connectors must be properly secured after
connection.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Test Instruments and Equipment:
1. Use. Only qualified persons may perform testing work on
electric circuits or equipment.
2. Visual inspection. Test instruments and equipment and all
associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and
connectors must be visually inspected for external defects and
damage before the equipment is used. If there is a defect or
evidence of damage they must be removed from service.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Test Instruments and Equipment:
3. Rating of equipment. Test instruments and equipment and
their accessories must be rated for the circuits and equipment
to which they will be connected and must be designed for the
environment in which they will be used.
USE OF EQUIPMENT
(Continued)
Flammable or Ignitable Materials:
Where flammable materials are
present, electric equipment capable
of igniting them must not be used,
unless measures are taken to
prevent hazardous conditions from
developing. Such materials include,
but are not limited to: flammable
gases,
vapors,
or
liquids;
combustible dust; and ignitable
fibers or flyings.
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
 Protective Clothing and Equipment Considerations:
 Appropriate for the particular hazard(s)
 Maintained in good condition
 Properly stored when not in use
 Kept clean, fully functional, and sanitary
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
(Continued)
Barriers and Signage:
STOP
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
HIGH
VOLTAGE
HIGH
VOLTAGE
HIGH
VOLTAGE
Barriers and signage should be
strategically placed in the work
area to control access and ensure that only trained and
qualified personnel enter hazardous areas.
The arrangement of such equipment will vary
depending on the layout of the work area and the
specific needs of the job.
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
(Continued)
Signage:
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
HIGH
VOLTAGE
HIGH
VOLTAGE
HIGH
VOLTAGE
SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER
Warning signs should be:
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Standardized where possible
Distinctive from other signage
Posted at the appropriate height
Clearly warn personnel of the hazards
Posted at all entry ways to the work area
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
(Continued)
Barriers and Barrier Tape:
STOP
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
HIGH
VOLTAGE
HIGH
VOLTAGE
HIGH
VOLTAGE
SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER
Barriers and Barrier Tape should be:





Standardized where possible
Distinctive from other types of guards
Placed so that energized parts are not reachable
Positioned usually at least 3 feet from the hazard
If barriers or tape or not sufficient, post attendants
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
(Continued)
General Protective Equipment and Tools:
1. When working near parts, insulated
tools or handling equipment must be
used.
2. If the insulating capability of insulated
tools or handling equipment is subject to
damage, the insulating material must be
protected.
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
(Continued)
General Protective Equipment and Tools:
1. Fuse handling equipment, insulated
for the circuit voltage, must be used to
remove or install fuses when the fuse
terminals are energized.
2. Ropes and handlines used near
exposed energized parts must be
nonconductive.
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
(Continued)
General Protective Equipment and Tools:
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
1. Protective shields, barriers, or insulating materials must be
used to protect employees from electrical injuries while
working near exposed energized parts.
2. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for
maintenance or repair, they must be guarded to protect
unqualified persons from contact with the live parts.
TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
 REMEMBER, YOU CONTROL YOUR FACILITY OR AREA!
 REVIEW THEIR PROCEDURES WITH THEM BEFORE
STARTING THE JOB!
 DETERMINE THEIR SAFETY PERFORMANCE RECORD!
 DETERMINE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THEIR PEOPLE!
 DETERMINE HOW THEY WILL AFFECT YOUR EMPLOYEES!