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Transcript
PACE LITES PRESENTATION Advisor: Professor Sahakian Andrew Dai Lenore Kaplan Benjamin Mattson Nikhil Sethi 1 PACE global vehicle PACE is a global collaborative project aimed at designing a new vehicle for the emerging market Universities across the world are assigned different sub-systems 2 Northwestern is designing the electrical sub-system Goals Safety Minimize weight Efficiency Front and Rear End Collision Avoidance Wireless Communication Network Modular Multiplexing System Provides additional safety features Communicates relevant information Minimizes weight and increases efficiency Sonar technology Zigbee Standard Radios Microcontrollers MOSFETS 3 Sonar design utilizes transducers located inside the bumpers Powerful range finder Drivers receive alerts of objects quickly approaching Onboard processing An overhead view of the wave propagations from the front and rear of the vehicle. Each transducer will be housed within the bumper, keeping a smooth surface across bumper face. 4 Design detects objects at short and long ranges Specs: 3 Ultrasonic transducers Center transducer short, wide range Outside transducers long, narrow range Senscomp 6500 ranging module board Basic stamp microcontroller An overhead view of the range covered by each transducer. Short range is emphasized with parking, long range is focused on collision avoidance. 5 The sonar works in tandem with the microcontroller in a multi-step process The sonar system is controlled by the microcontroller, which is integrated into the vehicle’s engine control unit (shown in yellow). The microcontroller runs the ranging module, which supplies source voltage to the transducers. Step 1: Begin the sequence - Microcontroller (MC) tells sonar receiver board to send 400 volt pulse to relay circuits - MC connects first relay circuit -MC starts timer The microcontroller readout (highlighted in yellow) allows the driver to monitor the sequence from beginning to end. Step 2: Transducer emits wave pulses - 400v arrives at transducer - Creates current in metal casing - Causes diaphragm to flex - Flex creates ultrasonic wave Step 3: Reflected waves indicate object is present -Wave encounters object -Small portion reflects -Reflection returns to transducer, causes slight flex -Flex induces voltage Step 4: The microcontroller receives detection signal and ends sequence -Return pulse travels down original line to RB -RB tells MC an object has reflected wave -MC stops timer, records time Step 5: The microcontroller runs code to decipher time to collision The prototype functions both attached and independent of the vehicle Intervehicle communication allows increased awareness between vehicles Zigbee wireless system allows inter-car communication System can warn others of weather, incoming traffic, construction Car Computer LCD Display XBee Module XBee Module Car Computer LCD Display 13 The Zigbee standard offers benefits in range, and power Alternate technologies Wifi – 300ft range Bluetooth – 3ft range Specs Digi Xbee PRO modules <$25 <1W 5000ft range 14 Wireless prototype works on a modular basis Components XBee modules ARM processor Blackbox input Host machine 15 Communicating between Xbees and providing readable output Converting output from sonar for transmission Describing Zones to user Zone Number 1 Encoded Output 1000 Range (in) 0”-12” 2 1100 12”-20” 3 1110 36”-120” 4 1111 120”+ 16 Testing the range and efficiency of the wireless system Tested RSSI (dBm) Transmitted 64bits Was able to operate at a range of 1 foot to 120 feet. 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 90 105 110 115 120 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -52 -50 -56 -62 -68 -68 -73 -75 -79 -75 -74 -79 -90 -100 -84 -80 -84 -85 -85 -87 -88 -90 -88 RSSI vs Distance 17 Prototyping enabled us to test for feasibility, range, robustness Goals Feasibility Testing • • • • Cost Range Power Interference 18 Our prototype showcases a combined sonar and wireless system Coaxial Cables 12V Battery 5V Regulator Digi Xbee Module BASIC stamp microcontroller SensComp 6500 Ranging Module BJT Switches Digi Xbee Module Gateway Board Laptop 400V SS Relays Environmental Grade Sonar Transducers 19 The prototype proves feasibility 20 Multiplexing Overview 21 Front of car Back of car LEDs Input controls Locks Sensor Microcontroller (input) Microcontroller (output) LEDs 22 Multiplexing allows large minimization of vehicle’s wires MOSFETs Handles lots of current (60 A) No moving parts Wire Gauge Less power loss for 8 gauge Easier assembly PIC microcontroller Programmable communication 40 I/O 23 Multiplexing connects all components in a modular fashion Multiplexing will: Lower wire cost power loss Connect all electrical components in PACE car 24 Multiplexing Reduces Installation Time and Cost Less wires mean less assembly time Boothroyd Dewhurst DFMA provides methods of predicting assembly time Example Assembling Wires in wire loom Time Saved by Shortening Wires (per wire) 25 20 Seconds 15 10 5 0 With Multiplexing Traditional Wiring Harness t n = 6.4 + 3.8Nw + (.5 + .4Nw )L w 25 Parts for the virtual build 26 Next Steps Design sonar and wireless circuit boards specifically for PACE design Create user interface Multiplexing Program so that components are plug and play Universal connections Testing Sonar Arrays 27 Questions and Comments 28