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Sound Quality and Applications Music vs. Noise • Music – sounds that have a pleasing quality, a definite identifiable pitch, and rhythm – musical instruments use standing waves to produce sound. – Types of musical instruments • percussion (drums, bells, cymbals) – vibrations of membranes or metal • stringed (guitars, violins) - vibrations of strings • woodwind and brass (flutes, pipe organs, trombones, clarinet) – vibrations of air columns – many instruments sound better and louder when two objects are vibrating at the same frequency; this is called resonance • example: both the guitar strings and body vibrate • Noise – sounds that have no pleasing quality, no identifiable pitch, and no relationship between high and low pitches – when noise reaches a level that cause pain or stress it becomes noise pollution Applications of Sound • SONAR – uses ultrasonic waves in a system called SOund Navigation And Ranging – determines distance by the time it takes sound to bounce back; formula is d = v · t – Uses of SONAR • map the ocean floor • military • Bats and Whales – send out ultrasonic waves that bounce back to locate objects just like SONAR • Medical – Use ultrasound waves to create sonograms • very high frequencies (1-15 million Hz) • sound travels at different speeds through materials with different densities (bonehigh, tissue-low density) • used in medical facilities to get a picture the human structure, including a fetus that is growing • can even be concentrated to destroy bad tissue