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4th Annual Conference & Exhibition For Metering, Billing and Customer Service In Electricity Industry in the Middle East & Africa Eng. Maher Soliman Matta Eng. Azza Abdel Hady Eng. Ramadan F.A. El-Fetouh Head of South Cairo Network Sectors Cairo Electricity Distribution Co. General manager for technical planning affairs Egyptian Electricity Holding Co. Senior planning Engineer Egyptian Electricity Holding Co. October 2003 1 The electricity was introduced in Egypt in 1893, the generation and distribution were owned by private companies for about 70 years. In July 2001, significant changes in the structure of the electricity and energy sector took place, production and distribution were unbundled. 2 The power system in Egypt serves about 19.2 million customers of which about 16.5 million residential. The total annual energy meters required is about 1018116 meters. The metering system in Egypt still depends on the electromechanical meters that have many disadvantages including low accuracy. 3 Today's energy measurement application demand that energy meters be both intelligent and powerful to satisfy ELECTRIC UTILITES challenges of accurate measurement besides information needed for improving power quality, customer service and planning for future, a complete energy measurement and a communication system can integrate Power Quality Monitoring, Event Recording, Load Profiling, Cutoffs Reporting and more. 4 This presentation will briefly give an OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN ELECTRICITY AND SECTOR ,the specifications of METRES and SYSTEM (AMR) AUTOMATIC accepted ELECTRONIC METER by ENERGY READING ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES IN EGYPT. 5 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more? ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS Features and Capabilities Technical Specifications AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM System Features and Capabilities Meter Interface Unit ( MIU ) Hand Held Unit ( HHU ) Data Collecting Unit ( DCU ) Features and Capabilities Of Workstation Reports Required From The Workstation 6 The electricity was introduced in Egypt in 1893 through private companies for about 70 years until the nationalization took place in 1962. In February 1976, the Egyptian Electricity Authority (EEA) was established under the jurisdiction of the Ministry Of Electricity and Energy (MOEE). EEA was given the exclusive right to generate, transmit and distribute electricity throughout the whole country. 7 In 1984, the Peoples Assembly cancelled the EEA’s exclusive right to generate and transmit electricity. In 1996, law No. 100 grant local and foreign investors concessions to Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) power generation stations. In April 1996, EEA started the activities related to the BOOT power project. 8 In 2000, the Egyptian Electricity Authority became the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC), a joint stock company. In July 2001, unbundling the production, transmission and distribution functions took place. The following chart illustrates the last arrangement of the power and energy sector in Egypt. 9 Ministry Of Electricity And Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Co. Production Companies Egyptian Electricity Transmission Co. Distribution Companies Cairo Cairo East Delta Alexandria West Delta Canal Upper Egypt North Delta Hydro plants South Delta Beheira Middle Egypt Upper Egypt 10 Installed Capacity : 17331 MW Thermal : 13158 MW (about 76 %) Hydro : 2745 MW (about 16 %) Private Sector : 1365 MW (about 7 %) Wind : 63 MW Peak Load : 14401 MW 11 Number of Customers : about 19.2 million Residential : about 16.5 million Commercial : about 1.5 million Industry : about 0.4 million Other sectors : about 0.8 million The total annual required meters : 1018116 Single phase meters Three phase meters : 955000 : 63116 12 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more? ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS Features and Capabilities Technical Specifications AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM System Features and Capabilities Meter Interface Unit ( MIU ) Hand Held Unit ( HHU ) Data Collecting Unit ( DCU ) Features and Capabilities Of Workstation Reports Required From The Workstation 13 Electronic Meters Have no moving parts or magnets that affect the accuracy of measurements. Have the ability of discovering and registering by date and time stamp wrong connections such as current reverse , phase sequence reverse and voltage absence. Not affected by the external magnetic fields. 14 Electronic Meters Meters have increased sensitivity, it can achieve a very high level of accuracy ( Class 0.2 ) that extends over a wide current dynamic range. Meter inclination has no effect to the meter accuracy. Needn’t any calibration through their lifetime, have easy and stable calibration without hardware adjustment 15 Electronic Meters Can work properly over a wide range of voltage i.e. not affected by voltage drop. Regarding to Industrial Loads one meter can measure the following : Active energy. Reactive energy. Max. demand by date and time stamp. Life time of the meter extends to 30 years and more and have low power consumption. 16 Electronic Meters Easily enable automatic new meter functionalities reading (AMR), such as multi-tariff billing, prepayment, load shedding, power outage detection, power factor detection and load profile. The meters can manipulate Fraud and Tamper also can register the time and date of its occurrence. 17 Electronic Meters The accuracy of the meter is not affected by aging it’s stable over time and temperature. Have flexibility of design and can easily be reconfigured and updated (software update). 18 Electronic meter is an advanced economical solution for growing energy measurement requirements of ELECTRIC UTILITES. 19 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more? ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS Features and Capabilities Technical Specifications AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM System Features and Capabilities Meter Interface Unit ( MIU ) Hand Held Unit ( HHU ) Data Collecting Unit ( DCU ) Features and Capabilities Of Workstation Reports Required From The Workstation 20 Tamper-proof design and construction Have current sensing for both phase and neutral, registers the energy consumption correctly under tampered conditions. Consumption is not affected by polarity sequence. Visual annunciation in the form of LED from front takes place in case of opening terminals box or meter cover. 21 Tamper-proof design and construction Records the full energy consumed even in case of: Reversal of input and output terminals. Phase terminals are externally by passed. Load is partially or fully drawn through external earth. Phase-in and phase-out connections are shorted. 22 Reversal of input and output terminals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 × L1 L2 ×× × ×× L3 N Consumption is correctly registered 23 Phase terminals are externally by passed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 L1 11 12 × ×× × ×× L2 L3 N Consumption is correctly registered 24 Phase-in and phase-out connection are shorted L1 L2 Imbalance Detection Consumption is correctly registered L3 N 25 Load is partially or fully drawn through external earth L1 Imbalance Detection Consumption is correctly registered N Load L2 L3 26 Equipped with LED for meter testing, calibration and operation indication. Retention time of the Non-volatile memory shall not be less than 20 years even in case of power failure. Not affected by power failure, it contains early detection means of power failure, which permits control circuits to store data of consumption, and configure the circuit for this failure. 27 The housing endures shocks and operation conditions. It is made of heat resistant and flame retardant material. Doesn’t contain moving parts “solid state meter”. Doesn’t contain parts that need periodic replacement. Life – time of the screen is not less than life–time of the meter. 28 Doesn’t require any calibration or maintenance, stability of meter accuracy is guaranteed during its life time. Metering element is shielded against external magnetic fields and protected against over volts and high frequency disturbances. Doesn’t generate electro-magnetic waves or harmonics that may interfere other instruments or be superimposed on power lines. 29 In case of Industrial loads Equipped with a clock, a calendar to get real time and date accurately which has a backup power means that ensures the operation of the clock during the power failure and doesn’t need periodic replacement. 30 In case of Industrial loads Can be programmed by multi-rate tariff, controlled by internal timing circuitry and a built in tariff time switch module, has a minimum of times and capable of 8 switching providing different programmable tariff structures for week end and holiday periods. 31 In case of Industrial loads Can be tested and programmed in laboratory or by portable Hand Held Unit (HHU) from front of the meter through communication port according to IEC 1107 which is used to load tariff programs, retrieve, or modify registered data without removing the meter cover. 32 In case of Industrial loads Records the following events (by date and time stamp): Missing voltage. Current reversal. Current short / open. Opened cover or terminal-box cover. Tamper and fraud occurrences. On each event an annunciation takes place (a symbolic representation on the LCD screen or LED indication from front of the meter). 33 In case of applying A.M.R system A Contactor and a push button shall be fitted as integral parts to the electronic meter, according to standard specifications IEC 158 – 1,2 in order to disconnect and reconnect the supply. The push button is used to restore the supply if it was shut down by the contactor according to the company’s instructions through the communication media and the system software, after removing the cause of disconnection. 34 Reference standard International Standard specifications “IEC-61036” or equivalent. Description Electronic Meters designed for measurement of electric energy (low voltage 220 / 380 V) consumed by customers. The meters are suitable for household, commercial, industrial applications and the installation inside, distribution kiosks and boxes by direct or through current transformer connection. 35 Description The meter housing and it’s cover shall be of robust construction made of polycarbonate. They are heat-resistant and flame retardant according to “IEC 695-2-1”. The meter and the terminals cover shall be held by a cross drilled and sealed security screws. “The meter and the terminals box shall be leaded and stamped”. They shall be provided by a means of tamper and fraud detection 36 Terminal - Box terminals Single – phase meter direct connection up to 80 A mm 9 Diameter of Input - Output Three – phase Three – phase meter direct meter with connection up current to 100 A transformers 10 3 37 Voltage Single Phase, operating voltage 220 ± 20 % Three phase, operating voltage 380 ± 20 % Current Single Phase; XA / 220 V, 2 wires. Three phase; XA/380 V, 4 wires. (X, according to the company’s requirement) Frequency 50 Hz ± 2 % 38 Measuring Single Phase : KWH consumed, max. demand (option). Three phase : XA/380V KWH, KVARH, max. demand and power factor. : X/5A with C.T KWH, KVARH, max. demand and power factor. Accuracy Class Class 1 39 Connection Single phase : 2 wires, Direct connection. Three phase : 4 wires, Direct connection or through current transformers. No of Sealing Top cover :2 Terminal box : 1 40 Display Screen Fully electronic LCD, display is retained during loss of power. 6 digits at least, display area not less than 20 mm2 for each digit. Registers shall reset to zero after they have reached their max. indication 999999. All registered data about consumption, reverse energy and aggregate shall be displayed. 41 Other annunciation on LCD screen A symbolic annunciation is present on the LCD screen to indicate the following: Phase present indication. Phase sequence monitoring (blinking in case of reverse phase sequence). Tariff information. LED Indications Tamper and fraud detection. Opened cover or terminal box. 42 Energy Consumption Power Consumption in voltage circuits < 2 W Power Consumption in current circuits < 4 VA Relative Humidity Zero to 90 % or better Temperature Range (operation) 5°C to 70°C ambient temperature for electronic components inside the meter up to 80°C. Degree of protection IP 51 Data retention Not less than 20 years (un-powered). 43 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more? ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS Features and Capabilities Technical Specifications AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM System Features and Capabilities Meter Interface Unit ( MIU ) Hand Held Unit ( HHU ) Data Collecting Unit ( DCU ) Features and Capabilities Of Workstation Reports Required From The Workstation 44 Automatic Meter Reading System Scheme Central Work Station Energy Management M/S G S M Concentrator 10.5kv 380/220v modem Concentrator 380/220v 10.5kv modem Watt-hour Meters equipped with two- way communication 45 The system provides dependable bi-directional communication between connected electricity meters and the central workstation for transmitting, receiving data required for the existing metering and / or billing system (s), downloading / modifying tariff structure programs and instructions, generate graphs of load profile, demand analysis and any other metering applications required. 46 The software and data transmitted shall be compatible with the existing (household, commercial, light industrial, industrial) metering and / or billing application (s) found in the company. On-line and real time access to the connected meters from the central workstation or the Data Collecting Unit (DCU) for the purpose of uploading modifying new metering programs. 47 On-line warning (alarm / visual annunciation) in the event of tampering and the software is capable of identifying fraudulent use of electricity. The system shall act as a load limit device, it shall facilitate remote load limit setting using the system software and the communication media. The system shall monitor LV losses by comparing the consumption of the consumers and the total power consumed downstream the distribution transformer. 48 Have the capability to introduce and operate pre-payment system to any connected electronic meter according to the company’s requirements using the integral contactor fitted with the meter to disconnect and reconnect power supply at the meter by an external command remotely activated through the bidirectional communication media. The system shall disconnect the power supply in case of un-payment for consumption through a command remotely activated from the workstation or the data collecting unit. 49 Definition An intelligent unit housed on a plug-in circuit board that is factory installed or can be easily added later as a field upgrade to the electronic meters or a separate unit installed with electro-mechanical meters, used to transmit data from the meter to the DCU and from the DCU to the meters through the power line carrier LV. 50 Distance of data transmission via electrical power lines (low voltage) shall not be less than 1500 meters. Low power consumption below 0.5 W on average. 51 Definition Small portable electronic unit IEC 1107 compatible for programming meter parameters Hand Held Unit and reading metering data. The communication between the HHU and the DCU is carried out through infra – red rays, magnetic coil or any other means. Upload all required data at the same time from the DCU, up to 3000 customers. 52 Stores the data on a non-volatile memory that can maintain data for a period not less than 5 years, Hand Held Unit regardless the case of the supply batteries. Has upgrade capabilities. Has an Arabic user interface. Ability to upload / download data to the central workstation, have a compatible protocol with approved meter reading programs at the central work station. 53 Definition It's an intelligent electronic unit equipped with communication means “transmitting– receiving" data from meters across power lines LV. Concentrator Has a communication means to transmit metering data via GSM, Radio, Telephone lines or any other communication system agreed by the company to the central workstation. It also directly communicates with the HHU through infra red, magnetic coil or any other means. 54 Hand Held Unit Data transmitted between HHU and DCU Concentrator 55 Receives the required data for not less than 1200 electronic meters belong to the same distribution transformer. Concentrator Keeps the received data on a non-volatile memory for a period of 5 years at least, even in case of power failure. Supports meter replacement. Records by date and time stamp electricity cut offs. 56 Supports energy loss calculation by comparing the consumption of all meters that are supplied from the same transformer, by the total energy Concentrator consumed from the distribution transformer. The memory is designed to keep all types of data required for the AMR system applications with built in flexibility and expandability Able to issue broadcast commands simultaneously through all 3 phases. 57 Meters and AMR are just the means to get Data. It’s what you do with this Data that’s important ! Software analysis is the key. 58 Definition It is a computer running a database and a printer equipped with suitable software to achieve the system's following requirements: Central Work Station Energy Management M/S 59 Collect the meter reading data from DCU (s) or HHU (s) for the following Automatic Meter Reading applications: Daily and monthly meter reading. Real time reading. Load profile. Remote download of tariff time structure. Multi rate tariff and time of use. Clock synchronization. Power cutoffs. Max. demand and time of occurrence. 60 Collect the meter reading data from DCU (s) or HHU (s) for the following Automatic Meter Reading applications: Interface compatible with existing meter reading and / or billing system (Arabic Interface). Meter replacement support. Supports remote meter disconnection and reconnection. Central Work Station Energy Management M/S 61 Meters that exceed maximum load permissible. Meters with power factor less than 0.9. Tampered meters. Meters that didn't transmit readings. Customers which their consumption increased or decreased than the monthly average with a predefined value determined by the company. Customers Disconnected due to un-payment for consumption. LV losses for each DCU by comparing the consumption of the consumers and the total power consumed down stream the same distribution transformer. 62 Electronic Meters Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) IT world Software Analysis The three that must go together to get ENERGY and UTILITES MANAGEMENT into IT world. 63 64