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Philosophical Schools of Thought ABSOLUTISM RELATIVISM EMPIRICISM HEDONISM QUIETISM CYNICISM Objectivism/Absolutism There is fundamentally one & only one good life for all to lead… Subjectivism/Relativism There is no absolute determination of morality Truth is relative to the individual & circumstances Moral judgments are neither true or false Truth & false can only be interpreted by each individual Empiricism Believes that we should only trust what we experience personally Measured by and filtered through the senses Hedonism Comes from the Greek word for pleasure Pleasure alone is good All happiness is a function of pleasure Hippie motto: “If it feels good, do it.” Differs from Epicureanism – pain negates pleasure – hedonism makes no such distinction Quietism Eastern/Oriental Accept ethical philosophy adversity Though we suffer, it’s our ethical duty to make the best of things Submission in tranquility & meditation Physical world of the senses is an illusion Truth & happiness transcends the material world Cynicism Assumes the world is fundamentally evil To live righteously – withdraw from participation in the world Possession of material goods c/n create happiness – creates constant striving, continual disappointment, dissatisfaction True happiness resides within each Live frugal, solitary life shunning world’s goods