Download Leadership and ethics in decision making

LEADERSHIP AND ETHICS IN
DECISION MAKING
TO L.E.A.D DELEGATES (Youth Leadership Summit)
BONNY
24-10-2015
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BY
Louis Brown Ogbeifun
FICMC, CEDR Accredited Mediator, ACIarb
CLASS PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP
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What do you understand
by leadership, who is your ideal leader and
why?
LEADERSHIP
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 Appointed
 Elected
 Force
of coercion
 Ascendency
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Leading a group, an organization, a
people or a country.
Position of authourity
LEADERSHIP STYLES
Democratic
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Intuitive
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Autocratic
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Laissez-faire
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Situational
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Benevolent
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SKILLS…
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Envision the future and act
Demonstrate personal effectiveness and
efficiency in the use of resources
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Demonstrate effective communication skills
Demonstrate Courage
Demonstrate accountability at all times
Law abiding
Visionary
Inspirational
Charismatic
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 Sharpen the saw
 Top of the game
 Infectious optimist
LEADERSHIP…
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 Work
to have equilibrium between
emotions, actions and decisions
 Combine emotional intelligence skills with
ethical values
 Achieve set targets
 Maintain face with constituents
 Hope carrier
 Sponge
 Stress pacifier
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Make difficult decisions especially in
challenging times as we have in the
global oil and gas industry now.
LEADERSHIP…
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 Situational
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in challenging times
However, when plans do not go as
planned, a leader must accept
responsibility for the actions and see
failure as a building block for success,
prop the followers and give them hope.
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Decisions made by any leader should
have positive outcomes and of benefits
(tangible and intangible) for the
constituents.
EXERCISE
A LEADER?
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HOW DO YOU MAKE DECISIONS AS
LEADERSHIP
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When armed robbers visit homes, when there are
fire incidents, road accidents etc; people usually
do not have answers to the unfolding puzzles.
The first instinct is that survival and the leader
gives the command of what others should do. The
next step is thoughts of clearing the externalities
and then restore order
So every leader must understand that at such
times, conventional leadership tools might not
help so they resort to situational decisions.
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IN CHAOTIC SITUATION
RESOLVING CHALLENGES IN ROUTINE
ENVIRONMENT
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The day to day routine running of an organizations
requires only simple leadership skills like
communication, delegation, doing the right thing as
a leader, walking the talk and leading by example
to pass on the message to followers.
BASIC WITH EMERGING
WORRYING SITUATION
- Emerging situation above routine
situations.
- If unchecked, might affect overall well
being of the organization, community or
country
Action by the Leader
- Answers beyond the organization
- Seek causes and urgently
-. Profuse diagnosis needed but above what
the organization can provide
- People are working in fear and anxiety
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CONVOLUTED SITUATION
- Things out of the ordinary
- Teams can still provide answers
- Support team and no working in silos
- Create enabling environment
- Engage stakeholders for solutions
TUMULTUOUS SITUATION
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- Little effort on the part of the leader
likely to provide the answers.
KNOTTY SITUATION
- Serious threat to existence
- Real emergency
- Immediate action needed and somebody
that is bold, courageous and smart must act
out of the box.
- Multiple solutions needed but no thinking
time.
BASIC WITH EMERGING
WORRYING SITUATION
Action by the leader
- process check.
KNOTTY SITUATION
Action by the Leader
-Process check
-Preliminary assessment
- Team work
- Provide leadership
-. Consultant
- Communicate decisions
- Feedback
-Recommendations
- Diagnosis
-Communication
- Project team
- Implement refcommendation
CONVOLUTED SITUATION
- Action by the Leader
TUMULTUOUS SITUATION
- Multifaceted and Difficult
- Quick Reassure people
Snap check
- Thinking outside the box
- -Take immediate action
- Provide all neccessart support
- Engage stakeholders for solutins
Two-way and multi dimensional
- Action by the Leader
- No thinking time
-Protect
-Reassure them
-show courage
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- Options and choice of best option
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5 LEADERS WITH HIGH MORAL AND
ETHICAL STANDARDS
ETHICS OR BEING ETHICAL
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Most difficult concept to define
Flow from self.
Innate desire to live a meaningful life
that is guided by personal set
principles, values and ethos.
One person’s ethical standard might
greatly defer depending on the realm
of morality, religion, nurture, nature
and other associated values.
ETHICS…
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Desire dependent on:
 Reflective
living after a particular role
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A personal ethical system may also run
on an aggregation of defined ethical
standards, which guides one to behave
or act in a particular manner.
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model
 Spiritual or political extraction. Example of
a seventeen year
ETHICS…
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“your personal ethical system is your map of the
good life”
- M. Scott Peck in William D Hitt
“your ethical system is your set of ground rules
for making what you consider to be a “right”
decision.
- Mark Pastin in William D Hitt
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“a set of interrelated values concerning
preferable modes of conduct.”
- William D. Hitt
ETHICS…
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Made up of a system of values
Values defined by the person to whom
such ethics are ascribed
Conscious effort to do what is right, act
and live well
That these values inherently translate
into modes of conduct and ultimately a
way of life
That it is a deliberate attempt to pursue
and do right through the setting of
ground rules to guide the person at all
times.
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
THE FOUR MAIN ETHICAL MODELS)
Rule ethics by Imnianuel
Kant
(1724—1804) states that
“the moral rightness of an
action is determined by
laws and standards”
Social contract ethics by
Jean Jacques Rousseau
(1112—1778) states, “the
moral rightness of an action
is determined by the
customs and norms of a
particular community”.
Personalistic ethics
Martin Ruber
(1878—1965) states, The
moral rightness of an
action is determined by
one’s conscience.
Source: William D. Hitt-Ethics in Leadership: putting theory into practice
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End-results ethics by
John Stuart Mill (1806—
1873) states, “the moral
rightness of an action is
determined by
considering its con
sequences”.
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING…
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Consequences are seriously considered
before decisions are taken at the endresults level.
Laws guidelines and procedures are
considered before decisions are made at
the rule ethics level.
Norms, culture and customs of a
particular organization, society etc.; are
taken into consideration before taking
decision at the social ethics level.
Personal convictions used in reaching
decisions at the personalistic level..
TOGETHER WE FACE THE FUTURE
Source: www.youtube.ng/watch?v=LU8DDYz68kM
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The battle of Kruger
TOGETHER WE FACE THE FUTURE
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Which of the teams in the
battle of Kruger won battle
and why?
WHAT IF AS A LEADER IN ANY OF THE STRATA YOU
ARE CONFRONTED WITH THESE, WHAT WILL YOU DO?
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Economy - Oil at $20 per barrel
Masses - If only the wealthy have access
to political power and wealth.
Battle for survival: Faced with a knotty and
chaotic situation or life threatening
situation like you just watched?
Society: Suddenly those who care for you
without notice reject you, and you have no
where to go.
Home: Armed Bandits enter your house
without you having any form of defence.
STRATEGIC THINKING AS IN THE
NEXT SLIDE BECOMES IMPERATIVE
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Source: http://kotelnikov.biz/coach/thinking_strategic_7principles.html
NUGGET
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Great leaders understand how to balance
emotion with reason and make decisions
that positively impact themselves, their
employees, their customers and
stakeholders, and their organizations.
(Decision Analysis By: LARINA KASE,
PSYD, MBA)
NUGGET
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When leaders delegate responsibilities,
they help team members hone their skills
and grow on the job. It enables them have
hands-on, on their assignments and feel
important in the decision making process.
It makes the team proud to own the
process. This at the end frees the leader
from routine jobs in order to focus more on
important organizational and critical
business decisions.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Nigeria would have been greater if the leaders had been
committed to the ethics of leadership and making decisions
based on the traits exhibited by great leaders at various
times. I thank Pastor Maxwell Ogaga for this great initiative
and for inviting me to speak to the youths who are our future
leaders. I found strength to do this after reading the critical
decision of the Seals in their deadly assignment in very
chaotic and challenging situation on Osama Bin Laden; the
great works of David J. Snowden and Mary E. Boone on
Leader’s Framework for Decision Making, William D. Hitt:
Ethics and Leadership: Putting Theory Into Practice; Larina
Kase: Great Leaders are Great Decision-Makers- Three
Qualities to Take the Paralysis out of Decision
Analysis. This process has also afforded me a personal
insight into how great leaders make decisions. We have
started this journey together, we must follow through the
plans of mentoring these youths to become great leaders of
tomorrow. Thank you.
SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND ANIMATIONS
http://www.forbes.com/sites/brentgleeson/2012/11/07/4-ways-forleaders-to-make-a-decision/
https://www.google.com.ng/search?q=cynefin+framework&biw=991
&bih=589&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0CC
wQsARqFQoTCN2Sh6nD48gCFQmYGgodn28F5A
http://www.heykiki.com/blog/2014/05/08/tips-for-excelling-inenglish-class-discussions/
http://www.cliparthut.com/club-group-clipart.html
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http://gsbm-med.pepperdine.edu/gbr/audio/fall2010/Kasedecisions.mp3]