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ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE (PUBERTY TO 18 years)
Physical
Social
Cognitive
2nd biggest growth spurt
Primary/secondary sex
characteristics
Athletic skills honed
Little illness
Peers more important
Formal operations–
than parents
reason fully like an adult
Identity vs. Role Confusion Adolescent Egocentrism
Intense Emotions
Romantic relations important
Low Self-esteem
Social Development
• Erickson - Identity vs. Role Confusion
Task = WHO AM I? integrating many roles
(child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a
self-image
•
Other Social Issues
-Adolescent Depression (10X)
-Risky Behavior / Suicide / Low Self-Esteem
-Romantic Relationships more intense
-Start to break away from family
-Storms, Stress, Happy
Freud – Sexual Development
• Genital Stage - strong sexual interest in the
opposite sex
• If the other stages have been completed
successfully, the individual should now be
well-balanced, warm, and caring
Jean Piaget’s
Formal Operational Stage
Characteristics of the formal operations stage:
•Ability to reason in abstract ways
•Prior to this level the world was seen in
concrete terms/begin to consider possible
outcomes and consequences of actions.
•Personal mortality is becoming more “real”
Adolescent Egocentrism
belief by teenagers that they are special & unique
Imaginary Audience: heightened self-consciousness. Adolescents
believe that others, especially peers, are watching them, thinking about
them, and interested in all their thoughts and behaviors.
Personal Fable: your problems are worse, no one can understand what
you go through, no one has ever felt as you do
Hypocrisy: ok for you, not for others
Pseudostupidity: oversimplified logic, tend to see moral issues in black
and white without taking into account the complexities that might exist
KOHLBERG’S THEORY
PRE-CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment
Make moral decisions based on avoidance of
punishment
Stage 2: Individualism Make moral decisions
based on individual needs
(common in young children, adults also can be
stuck here)
CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
Stage 3: Relationships and Conformity
-Longing to please or impress others
-“Right” is being considerate
Stage 4: Social System and Conscience Maintenance
- Individual sees value in rules, not simply because
they are afraid of them.
-Importance of and need for laws in maintaining
social order
POST-CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
Stage 5: Social Contracts
- When people agree to something because
they think it is best for everyone involved
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles
- Concepts like justice and honor are guidelines
for right and wrong
- Faith and religion
Scenario 1
• You are at a store where you frequently shop
and you see someone shoplifting. What do
you do?
Scenario 2
• You are at the grocery store and it is particularly busy. In a
hurry, the cashier accidentally gives you a $20 bill instead of a
$5 bill for your change.
You realize the mistake immediately, but the cashier
is clearly unaware of what they have done. What do
you do?
Scenario 3
You are running late on a foggy morning. You decide to take a
short cut. The route takes you on a road right by a school.
You are fairly sure that the school has been called off due to
the fog, therefore there will be none of the usual school
population and traffic. Nevertheless, the speed limit is 20
mph. Do you speed or follow the speed limit?
Scenario 4
FENDER BENDER
• Imagine you got into a “fender bender” but
there was no damage to your car or the other
car. Would you tell your parents?
Scenario 5
You have a car that seats two people. Your
girl/boyfriend, best friend, and an old lady are
standing outside in the rain. You can only fit one
other person in the car. Who do you take?