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Transcript
Virtue Ethics The Ethics of Ethos Ethical Theories Teleological Virtue Deontological Ends Ethos Rules Consequences Habits Absolutes Calculation Living Simplicity Action Disposition Action What Is Virtue? • What exactly can we define as virtue? • In this next exercise you will need to pick 5 of the possible characteristics of a virtuous person Pick 5 • • • • • • • • • Friendship Justice Courage Temperance Loyalty Fortitude Perseverance Social Status Honesty Generosity • • • • • • • • • Humour Ambition Wealth Humility Faithfulness Hope Agape Anger Obedience • Kanye West (old grumpy) Hercules (young friendly) • • Jesus and Wayne Rooney Good Quotes On Virtue Rudolph Giulliani • “I think the most fundamental change occurred when I dealt with the prostate cancer (age 55). That was the first time that required me to say, “ I am going to die. Not necessarily of cancer, but I am gonna die.” So you realize you’d better do something with your life that makes you happy with yourself. I decided that politics was not my whole life.” Aristotle • Some people believe that nature makes people good, others believe that it is habit, and still others say that it is teaching. Experience shows that logical arguments and teaching are not effective in most cases. The soul of the students must have been conditioned by good habits just as land must be cultivated to nurture seed. For a person whose life is guided by emotion will not listen to a rational argument, nor will he understand it. • Weren’t those famous gurus the very people the world called successful? How on Earth was I to find happiness if I ended up being a nobody… and the impoverished one at that? Ergo, I concluded that Aristotle must be wrong. And everything I read in magazines and watched on the television argued against Aristotle’s conclusions. According to conventional wisdom, happiness is found, variously, by way of: • • • • • A new job A new house A new city A new mate An adventure in faraway climes Virtue • Strength of Character (Habit) • Involving both Feeling and Action • Seeks the mean between excess and deficiency relative to us • Promotes human flourishing How To Achieve Eudaimonia Aristotle defined Good as something that fulfils its ends purpose The Telos of humanity is to be rational The Ergon of reason in practice is virtue “The good for human beings is an activity of the soul in accordance with arete” Person Centred • The “ethics of dilemma” approach to morality forgets an essential part of ethics – THE PERSON’S CHARACTER and how personal moral growth is encouraged We are not concerned to know what goodness is but how to become good people, since otherwise our enquiry would be useless. Aristotle The ethical condition is not the condition of having a certain right theory; rather the ethical condition is having a certain character. Alasdair Macintyre The Golden Mean Cowardice ? Deficiency Recklessness Excess Mean One must find the right balance between Cowardice and Recklessness… Courage Virtues and Spheres of Existence Sphere of Existence Deficiency Mean Servility, Self Attitude Towards-Self Depreciation Attitude Towards Others Attitude Towards Our Offences Excess Pride Self- Respect Arrogance Egoism Vanity Ignoring Them Being a Doormat Anger Forgiveness Understanding Revenge Grudge Resentment Indifference Downplaying Anger Regret Toxic Guilt Making Amends Shame Self- Forgiveness Scrupulosity Phronesis Aristotle's Concept Of Life And Death Education 1 3 Phronesis Born Old 2 Parenting 4 Sophia