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Botany Boot Camp Docent Training Class Liz Woodward Five Kingdoms of Living Organisms Taxonomy The Classification of Plants and Other Living Organisms Division/Phylum Class Order (-ales) Family (-aceae) Genus Species Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 Botanical Names Fear and Loathing in the Horticulture World Mispronunciation Latin and Greek roots Precise & understood worldwide Common names are inaccurate Speak to your audience Tuscan Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Tuscan Blue’ Kingdom Division Class Order Family Genus Species Cultivar Plantae (Plant) Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plant) Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledon) Lamiales Lamiaceae (Mint Family) Rosmarinus (Rosemary) officinalis (of official/medicinal use) Tuscan Blue How to read a QBG Accession Tag First line: accession number e.g. 93.0298P, 00.0001 , 2000.0024S Remaining lines: Taxon Additional nomenclature: x=hybrid, cv.=cultivar, sp.=species, cf=confers Identification/Caption Label have more interpretive information such as botanical information, ecological relationships, uses and conservation information. Organic Evolution Natural Selection Survival of the Fittest Convergent Evolution Genetics Charles Darwin 1809-1882 The Flowering Plant Over 250,000 known species All have flowers (inconspicuous/conspicuous) Reproduce from seed Plant Structur e Roots Generally underground Anchor the plant and hold it in place Absorb water and minerals & send upwards Storage (sometimes) Transport system: xylem and phloem Stems Primary support structure Generally above ground Underground stems (tubers) Woody or herbaceous Bear leaves and flowers May provide storage and photosynthesis Grow upward toward light Leaves Photosynthesis (food making) Other functions: store water, protection, attract pollinators Typical leaf has 2 main parts: petiole & lamina Simple/compound leaves Various leaf shapes Leaf arrangements (opposite, alternate, whorled) Flowers Pollination & Fertilization Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil depends on external agent (wind, insect, birds) Fusion of male and female nuclei Self pollination vs. cross pollination Colors, scents and adaptations Fruits Diverse in size, shape, texture and seeds Fleshy & edible Dry fruits Seeds Self complete reproductive unit 3 parts: seed coat, embryo & food Dormant until external conditions are right to germinate & sprout Seed adaptations Plant Families Fabaceae - Pea Family Pea Family Members Nitrogen fixing roots Lamiaceae - Mint Family Mint Family Members Thyme, Oregano, Marjoram, Basil, Rosemary, Sage, Savory, Mint, Lavender Rosaceae - Rose Family Rose Family Members California Natives: Catalina Ironwood, Chamise, Rosa californica Asteraceae - Daisy Family Daisy Family Members Solanaceae - Nightshade Family Solanaceae contain narcotic alkaloids Nightshade Fruits Euphorbiaceae - Spurge Family Pointsettia Euphorbia pulcherima Candelabra Tree Euphorbia ingens Spurge Family Members Snow Bush, Castor Bean, Tapioca, Caribbean Copper Plant, Pencil Tree 2 Classes of Flowering Plants Poaceae - Grass Family Economic importance for wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley, millet, rye. Also sugar cane & sorghum. Grass Family Members Role of Plants Reduce carbon dioxide and increase oxygen Plants produce everything we eat Shelter, warmth, clothing, transportation, fuel,medicine, paper The Future for Plants Endangered species Botanical Gardens Selective Breeding Genetically modified crops Valuable diversity