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Earth’s Biomes Section Review Ecosystems and Biomes -An ecosystem is a group of organisms in an area that interact with each other, along with their non-living or physical environment -A biome is a group of ecosystems with similar climate, plants, and animals -Organisms must adapt to the biotic and abiotic factors in their biome in order to survive Tundra Caribou, foxes, wolves, and birds live in the tundra Most common tundra plant is the lichen. Found in most northern climates of the Earth (Canada). Permafrost (permanently frozen soil) Receives no more precipitation than the desert Short summer, animals hibernate to survive the winter Aquatic Type of Aquatic Biomes 1. Oceans 2. Freshwater Forests Three main types of Forests 1. Rainforest 2. Coniferous forest 3. Deciduous forest Grasslands Grassy, windy, semi-dry biome (25-75 cm. of rain yearly) Nearly one-fourth of the Earth's land Other names: plains, prairies African grasslands: savannas Small creatures such as grasshoppers and beetles to large animals like lions, giraffes and zebras Largest grasslands are found in Africa Desert Receives less than 25 centimeters of rain a year. Hot, dry biomes; there are also "cold" deserts Plants and animals have adaptations that enable them to survive w/o much rainfall (thick stalks and wide spread roots) Plants includes cactus and the Joshua tree Animals include prairie dogs and several varieties of snakes and lizards Rainforest Receives at least 300 cm of rainfall each year Average temperature yearround is 80 deg. Seasons do not change in the tropical rain forest Richest source of plant life on earth Plants: lianas, orchids, ferns Animals: monkeys, wild cats, and boa constrictors Billions of animals, birds, and insects Back Boreal Located just south of the Tundra biome. Russian name: Taiga Back Has trees that produce seeds in cones(conifersfir, spruce also called evergreens) Forest floor has little growth since the large trees block out sunlight Birds and other animals live in the trees. Larger animals live on the forest floor. Deer and elk make this area their home Deciduous Deciduous trees shed their leaves in autumn (oaks, hickory, maples) Since they lose their leaves, sunlight can reach the ground and plants can grow Weather is moderate. The summers are warm and the winters are cool Home to whitetail deer and black bears Rainfall tends to Back be heavy Oceans Plants – Kelp, phytoplankton Animals – lobsters, crabs, many types of fish, dolphins, whales Covers over 70% of the earth's surface and are home to many types of fish, mammals, and plants Large salt-water bodies connected across the earth Divided into different zones based on sunlight, temp, water Back pressure, water movement. Fresh Water Consists of -ponds (stillwater) -Lakes (stillwater) -rivers -streams Plants – waterlilies, cattails, algae, duckweed, mosses Many animals live in rivers and lakes – fish, snakes, frogs, ducks Back