Download Eudicots

Eudicots
Tricolpates
Angiosperm
phylogeny
Ceratophyllum
• Hornwort family, all aquatic
• Small flowers
• Absent perianth
• Few number of flower parts
• Unisexual flowers
Eudicots
• Tricolpate pollen
• Cyclic flowers - parts in whorls, members
of individual whorls alternating
• Staminal filaments usually slender
• Starch grains in plastids
Eudicots
Ranunculales
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Berberidaceae
Circaeasteraceae
Eupteleaceae
Lardizabalaceae
Menispermaceae
Papaveraceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculales
Ranunculales
• Key features: contain alkaloid berberine,
superior ovary without a hypanthium,
herbaceous, toothed to lobed leaves, flower
parts distinct and free, many stamens, seeds
with tiny embryos and copious endosperm
Papaveraceae
• Sister to the other groups:
• Differs:
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Fused carpels
Capsular fruits
Quickly deciduous sepals
Sap (either colored or clear)
Papaveraceae
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Poppy family
770 species in 40 genera
Herbs to soft wooded stems
Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) used
for morphine, heroin, and codeine
– Ornamentals: many poppies, bleeding heart
Papaveraceae
• Synapomorphies: Leaves often lobed, often
colored sap, 2 sepals - quickly fall off, often
4 petals, 2 fused carpels with parietal
placentation, fruit a capsule, seeds with arils
Papaveraceae
• Herbs to small shrubs with sap
• Leaves alternate and spiral often lobed
• Flowers bisexual, radial to bilateral
– Sepals usually 2 or 3, falling quickly
– Petals usually 4 or 6, sometimes numerous, often
crumpled in bud
– Stamens numerous
– 2 to numerous carpels, fused
• Fruit a capsule with arillate seeds
Papaveraceae
Papaveraceae
Papaver
Sanguinaria
Dicentra
Corydalis (400)
Argemone
Menispermaceae
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Moonseed family
Twining vines or lianas
450 species in 71 genera
Medicinal and poisons (curare - arrow
poison), and ornamentals
Menispermaceae
• Synapomorphies: Twining vines or lianas,
Flowers unisexual (usually dioecious), 2
ovules with 1 aborting, Fruit an aggregate
of drupes
3 merous
flowers
Berberidaceae
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Barberry family
650 species
Widespread herbs and shrubs
Ornamentals, including lawn shrubs
Berberidaceae
• Synapomorphies: 1 carpel
• Herbs or shrubs with variable leaves
• Flowers bisexual, radial, with 3-merous parianth
– 4-6 sepals, distinct
– 4-6 outer petals, 6 inner petals/staminodes
– Usually 6 stamens, anthers open from the base by 2 flaps
• Fruit a berry
Berberidaceae
Berberis (600)
Caulophyllum
Jeffersonia
Ranunculaceae
• Buttercup family
• 2000 species of herbs shrubs or vines
• Widespread especially in the northern
hemisphere
• Many ornamentals
Ranunculaceae
• Synapomorphies: Herbs, shrubs or
occasionally vines
• Leaves various (often lobed)
• Flowers usually bisexual, flower parts usually
not 3-merous
Ranunculaceae
• Flower parts not 3-merous
– 4 to numerous tepals or differentiated into
calyx (5) and corolla (5)
– Stamens numerous, distinct
– Carpels usually 5 to numerous, distinct
• Fruit follicles, achenes or berries
Ranunculaceae
• Hydrastis - Flowers
3-merous Fleshy
follicles
Ranunculaceae
• Thalictroideae – Paraphyletic grade
Thalictrum
• Plesiomorphies
– Berberine
compounds
– Yellow rhizomes
– Small
chromosomes
Coptis
Aquilegia
Hodges 1997
Ranunculoideae
• Synapomorphies:
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4-5 merous parianth
Dry fruits
Large chromosomes and longer stomates
Chromosome number of 8
No berberine
Ranunculoideae
• Synapomorphies:
– Ranunculin
– Fruits are achenes
Ranunculus
Anemone
Clematis
Ranunculoideae
• Synapomorphies:
– Petal-like tepals
Caltha
Delphinium
Eudicots
Proteales
• 4-merous flowers with stamens opposite
• Major groups: Platanaceae, Proteaceae,
Nelumbonaceae
Platanaceae
• Plane tree or Sycamore tree
• 9 species all in Platanus
• Tropical to temperate regions of NA, southcentral Europe, western Asia to Indochina
• Cultivated as ornamentals
Platanaceae
• Synapomorphies: Inflorescences of
globose heads in unisexual heads
(monoecious), apical placentation, Fruits
achenes, in dense globose clusters
Platanaceae
• Trees with exfoliating bark
• Leaves palmately lobed and veined, stipules present
• Flowers unisexual (monoecious)
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3-7 sepals
3-7 petals, lacking in carpellate flowers
3-7 stamens, filaments very short
5-9 carpels, distinct, ovaries superior, 2 ovules per carpel with one
aborting
• Fruit dense achenes
Platanaceae
Hybrid between P. occidentalis and P. orientalis
Proteaceae
• Protea family
• Widespread in tropics and subtropics
in Australia and Africa
• 1770 species
• Many ornamentals and
Macadamia nut
Proteaceae
• Synapomorphies: 4 tepals with edges
abutting, 4 stamens, 1 carpel
Proteaceae
• Trees or shrubs
• Leaves usually alternate and spiral, stipules absent
• Flowers bisexual, radial or bilateral, conspicuous
– 4 tepals, often deeply cleft on one side
– Stamens 4, usually adnate to tepals
– 1 carpel on a stalk
• Fruits follicles, nuts, achenes, drupes, or samaras
Proteaceae
• Grevilleoideae (flowers in pairs)
• Proteoideae (flowers single)
Proteaceae Protea
Grevillea
Banksia
Macadamia Nut
Nelumbonaceae
• Water lotus family with enlarged spongy
receptacle
70 sp.
2 sp.
Gunnerales - Gunneraceae
• Blue-green algae as
symbionts - Nostoc
• Large herbs with no stem
(40-50 species)
• Plants dioecious
Polygonales
Core Eudicots
Polygonales
1 basal ovule
Indehiscent fruits
Carnivorous
Plumbagin
Basal placentation
Vascularized hairs
Polygonaceae
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Knotweed family
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines
1100 species
Includes: buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel
Polygonaceae
• Synapomorphy: Stipules present and
connate into a thin sheath around the stem
Polygonaceae
• Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines
• Leaves usually alternate and entire
• Flowers usually bisexual, radial
– Perianth of 6 tepals, usually petaloid
• In 5s when 2 tepals are fused
– 5-9 stamens
– 2 or 3 carpels, basal placentation, 1 ovule
• Fruit an achene or nutlet
Polygonaceae
Rumex (200)
Fagopyrum
Polygonum (150)
Plumbaginaceae
• Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves, no stipules
• Flowers bisexual, in cymose inflorescences
– 5 sepals and 5 petals
– 5 stamens fused to petals
– 5 fused carpels
• Plumbago
Droseraceae
• Sundew family
• Insectivorous herbs
• 110 species, common in wet, low-nutrient,
acidic soils
• Venus’s flytrap and sundews
Droseraceae
• Synapomorphies: Leaves rolled in a coil
from the top, blade sensitive
Droseraceae
• Leaves simple with obscure venation, forming a snap-trap,
mucilage-secreting hairs to digest insects
• Flowers bisexual, radial, white or purple
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Usually 5 sepals
Usually 5 distinct petals
Usually 5 stamens, pollen released in tetrads
Usually 3 carpels
• Fruit a capsule
• Aldrovanda
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Droseraceae
Dionaea
Drosera (80 spp)
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Nepenthaceae
• ~ 82 species in Nepenthes
• Shrubs climbing with their leaves
– Alternate entire and highly modified
– Petiole, blade, tendril, and pendent urn-shaped pitcher
(with operculum - lid)
– Pitcher has fluid of digestive enzymes
• Old world tropics, 90 species in 1 genus,
Nepenthes
Nepenthaceae
• Flowers unisexual (dioecious), small and greenish
– Staminate flowers with 4 tepals and 4-numerous stamens
– Carpellate flowers with 4 tepals and 4 fused carples