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Organisms and Environments
Biomes to Organisms
Biomes, Ecosystems, Habitats, Microhabitats
Organisms, Biodiversity & Human Impact
Vocabulary to remember
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Habitat—a place where an organism or population of organisms lives.
Microhabitat—a small habitat within a larger one in which environmental
conditions differ from those in the surrounding area.
Organism—any living form of life. To be considered living, an organism must be
made of cells, grow and develop, adapt and respond to stimuli.
Microorganism—an organism microscopic in size, observable only through a
microscope.
Ecosystem—a natural unit that includes living and nonliving parts and
the place where their interactions occur
Biotic Factors- the living factors in an ecosystem. (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants &
animals)
Abiotic Factors- non living factors in an ecosystem. (sunlight, water, air,
temperature)
Biome-region characterized by a specific climate and certain types of plant and
animal communities. Each biome contains a group of related ecosystems.
Biodiversity- the variety of living organisms in a given habitat, ecosystem or b
iome.
Major Terrestrial (land) Biomes
Biomes are named differently by different
organizations, but six are fairly constant and
dependable…..
Biome Summary Chart
Biome
Desert
Tundra
Grassland
Deciduous
Forest
Taiga
Tropical
Rainforest
Location
Climate
midlatitudes
generally very hot
days, cool nights;
precipitation less than
10 inches a year
Soil
Plants
Animals
rodents, snakes, lizards,
poor in animal and none to cacti, yuccas,
tortoises, insects, and some
plant decay products
bunch grasses,
birds. The Sahara in Africa is
but often rich in
shrubs, and a few
home to camels, gazelles,
minerals
trees
antelopes, small foxes, snakes,
lizards, and gerbils
very cold, harsh, and
long winters; short and
musk oxen, migrating caribuou,
nutrient-poor,
cool summers; 10-25
grasses, wildflowers, arctic foxes, weasels, snowshoe
high northern latitudes
permafrost layer a few
centimeters (4-10
mosses, small shrubs
hares, owls, hawks, various
inches down
inches) of precipitation
rodents, occasional polar bears
a year
american grasslands include
mostly grasses and
prairie dogs, foxes, small
small shrubs, some
mammals, snakes, insects,
trees near sources of varous birds. African grasslands
water
includeelephants, lions, zebras,
giraffes.
midlatitudes, interiors
of continents
cool in winter, hot in
summer; 25-75
centimeters of
precipitation a year
rich topsoil
midlatitudes
relatively mild
summers and cold
winters, 76-127
centimeters (30-50
inches) of precipitation
a year
rich topsoil over clay
hardwoods such as
oaks, beeches,
hickories, maples
wolves, deer, bears, and a wide
variety of small mammals, birds,
amphibians, reptiles, and insects.
very cold winters, cool
summers,; about 50
mid- to high latitudes
centimeters (20
inches) of precipitation
a year
acidic, mineral-poor,
decayed pine and
spruce needles on
surface
mostly spruce, fir, and
other evergreens
rodents, snowshoe hares, lynx,
sables, ermine, caribout, bears,
wolves, birds in summer
nutrient-poor
greatest diversity of
any biome; vines,
orchids, ferns, and a
wide variety of trees
more species of insects, reptiles,
and amphibians than anyplace
else; monkeys, other small and
large mammals, including in
some places elephants, all sorts
of colorful birds
near the equator
hot all year round, 200400 centuimeters (80100 inches) of rain a
year
• Temperate
Deciduous Forest
– Contains deciduous trees
that shed their leaves before
a dry season.
– Average yearly rainfall: 75125 cm
– Average temperatures:
• Summer 28*C or 82* F
• Winter 6*C or 43* F
– Animals:
• Many mammals, birds,
reptiles & insects (bears,
snakes, and
woodpeckers).
– Plants:
• Trees, shrubs, ferns,
mosses, and flowering
plants.
• Coniferous Forest
(Boreal forest or
taiga)
– Contains conifer trees that
produce seeds in cones. Conifer
trees also have very waxy leaves
that allow them to stay green in
cold, dry climates. Trees whose
leaves stay green all year are also
called evergreen trees.
– Average yearly rainfall: 35-75 cm
– Average temperature:
• Summer: 14*C or 57*F
• Winter: -10*C or 14*F
– Animals:
• Many mammals hibernate
through cold winters. Some
animals include squirrels,
insects, birds, porcupines, elk
and moose.
– Plants:
• Evergreen plants and plants
that are well-adapted to
survive dry, cold climate.
Tropical Rain
Forest
– Tropical rain forests have
more biological diversity
than other places on Earth.
The soil is usually thin and
poor in nutrients because
all nutrients are in the
plants.
– Average yearly rainfall: up
to 400 cm
– Average daily temperature:
• Daytime: 34*C or 93*F
• Nighttime: 20*C or
68*F
– Animals:
• Many mammals
(primates), birds,
reptiles, amphibians
and insects.
– Plants:
• Trees, woody vines,
and flowering plants.
Grasslands: Temperate & Savanna
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Temperate Grasslands
– Have few trees because of fire, drought,
and grazing.
– Average yearly rainfall: 25-75 cm
– Average temperature:
• Summer: 30*C or 86*F
• Winter: 0*C or 32*F
– Animals:
• Many small seed-eating animals
(prairie dogs, mice, and birds) and
some larger grazing mammals (bison).
– Plants:
• Grasses and other flowering plants.
Very few trees
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Savannas
– A grassland that has scattered clumps of trees and
seasonal rains.
– Average yearly rainfall: 150 cm
– Average temperature:
• Dry season: 34*C or 93*F
• Wet season: 16*C or 61*F
– Animals:
• Savannas contain many large herbivores
(elephants, giraffes, zebras and wildebeests).
– Plants:
• Many grasses and some trees.
• Deserts
– Deserts are very dry and
often very hot. Plants and
animals that live in deserts
are highly adapted to survive
in a desert climate.
– Average yearly rainfall: less
than 25cm
– Average temperature:
• Summer: 38*C or 100*F
• Winter: 7*C or 45*F
– Animals:
• Small mammals, reptiles
and amphibians (jack
rabbit, spadefoot toad,
and desert tortoise).
Most desert animals are
active at night.
– Plants:
• Cactuses and other
plants with shallow root
systems and waxy/fleshy
leaves.
• Tundra
– The tundra is a land biome
characterized by very cold
temperatures and very little
rainfall.
– The polar tundra is found near
the North and South Poles.
Permafrost prevents from trees
and deep-rooted plants to grow.
– The alpine tundra is found on
the top of mountains. The
alpine tundra also has
permafrost. This would be the
part of a mountain where trees
cannot grow (tree line).
– Average yearly rainfall: 30-50cm
– Average temperature:
• Summer: 12*C or 54*F
• Winter: -26*C or -15*F
– Animals:
• Mammals, birds, insects
(musk oxen, wolves,
caribou)
– Plants:
• Shallow-rooted plants
(grasses, shrubs)
Ecosystem—a natural unit that includes
living and nonliving parts and
the place where their interactions occur
• The Amazon Tropical
Rainforest in South
America is one
ecosystem within the
Tropical Rainforest
biome.
• It has many subecosystems and
habitats within it.
Habitat—a place where an organism or population
of organisms lives.
This is typically
where an organism
finds food and
shelter. In the
Amazon, organisms
that live in the
emergent layer do
not share the same
habitat as those who
live on the forest
floor.
Microhabitat—
a small habitat within a larger one in which environmental conditions
differ from those in the surrounding area.
This is typically an
extremely localized, smallscale environment.
Examples include a a tree
stump, a dead animal, a
fallen log in a forest, a
clump of dirt.
Microhabitats are often
dominated by
microorganisms, but not
always!
Organism—any living form of life. To be considered living, an
organism must be made of cells, grow and develop, adapt and respond to stimuli
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Cells
Metabolism
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Evolve
Heredity
Respond to Stimuli
Growth/Development
Biome to Organism Notes Assignment:
• Infographic: in·fo·graph·ic
ˌinfōˈgrafik/ noun a visual image such as a chart
or diagram used to represent information or data. "a good infographic is worth a
thousand words"
1. Answer questions for sections 2 and 3 on your SPMS (5 total
Questions)
2. Select an organism from the food web on the following slide.
– Create an info graphic that identifies:
• the 8 characteristics it must have in order to be considered an organism
• its microhabitat, habitat, ecosystem & biome
(remember this soil could be anywhere! Just be consistent!)