Download GYMNOSPERMS Most Common Class – The Conifers

KINGDOM PLANTAE - TAXONOMY
Monocots
Gymnosperms – Naked Seeded
Dicots
Angiosperms – Enclosed Seeded
Subphylum Spermopsida – Seed Plants
Subphylum – Pteridophyta - Ferns
Tracheophyta – Vascular Plants
Bryophyta - Mosses
Chlorophyta – Green Algae
Phaeophyta – Brown Algae
ALGAL Phyla
Rhodophyta – Red Algae
CYCADS – 100 Species
GINKOS – 1 species remains
GYMNOSPERMS
Phylum
Tracheophyta
-Subphylum
CONIFERS- most successful Gymnosperms
Spermopsida – “Sperm”
= “Seed”
Look Familiar?
GYMNOSPERMS- “Naked Seeded”
Most Common Class – The Conifers
• Typical coniferous
forest primarily
spruce, fir and pine.
• Not all coniferous
forests have the same
appearance, some
conifers are better
suited for a warmer
wetter climate.
This is an oldgrowth
coniferous
forest
consisting of
Giant Sequoia
trees. This
type of tree
prefers more
precipitation
than most of
the conifers in
the Okanagan
CAUTION
WATCH
FOR
FALLING
LUMBER
Did you ever go back and study your family TREE?
Anyone ever been to CAPILANO SUSPENSION
BRIDGE – North Vancouver?
Here is a coniferous
forest located in a
temperate
rainforest.
In a temperate
rainforest there is
year-round
precipitation
through four
seasons; typically
warm summers and
cool winters
CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO CONIFERS
•“Conifer” – Means “Cone
Bearer”.
•Leaves are adapted to take
needle shape, a thick cuticle
and reduced surface area
allows conifers to grow in dry
cold climates without losing
too much water.
•Almost all conifers are
evergreens : They do NOT
shed their needles seasonally.
Deciduous trees shed their
leaves
Conifer wood has growth rings of XYLEM
The
meristematic
tissue called
VASCULAR
CAMBIUM
produces
XYLEM to
the inside and
PHLOEM to
the outside.
AGING A TREE
A Forestry
Technician
uses a tree
borer to
take out a
tree core
sample
There are two
types of Xylem
rings.
Spring Wood
(Xylem) is a lighter
colour.
-In the springtime
rapid cell division
gives rise to very
large cells.
Summer Wood
(Xylem) is darker.
- In summer tissue
grows slower and
cells are more
compact
THE CONE BEARERS
Mature female (ovulate) cone
Several female cones on a
Ponderosa Pine- Very common
conifer to the Okanagan
Clusters of female
cones on a Spruce
Tree
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
This is a European
Larch a close
relative to a
Tamarack. Its still
a conifer (conebearer) but its not
a true
“EVERGREEN”
Male Cone
Female Cone
Conifers can be classified by the following:
Characteristics
of the bark
Needle shape,
length and
texture
Cone size,
shape and
scale patterns
These cones with the little tags sticking out
from the scales is characteristic of FIR cones
Blue Spruce
Ponderosa Pine
Fir
Cedar
Ponderosa Pine –
Should look very
familiar next time
you are around
Knox Mountain
Western Cedar
Douglas Fir
A Renewable Resource
Properties:
LIGHT but very STRONG
These properties make it a
perfect building material
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=q3554jk38qU
We need trees but need to be careful in logging
practices and reforestation.
Clear Cut Logging
Erosion of Soil