Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name: ___________________ Date: ____________ Unit 4 Notes #5 –Gymnosperms – “Naked Seed Plants” Kingdom: ___________________ Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum : _________________ Classes of Gymnosperms 1. Cycadae 2. Ginkgoae 3. _______________________ A) General Characteristics: Tracheophyta means “_______________________”, this refers to the________________________, which appears as hollow tubes. Gymnosperm means “_____________________”, these plants have seeds but their seeds are __________________________________________________ Of the three classes of gymnosperms, we will focus on the class that is most common: CONIFERAE: ______________________ Examples: ______________________________________________________________ Conifers cover most areas of North America, China, Europe and Australia -____________________ is the _______________________________of the two stages in the life cycle. (spore producing plant) -Gametophyte (very much reduced)_________________________________________, which is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition. -The seeds are produced ____________________________________________and dropped when mature. - Most Gymnosperms have ______________________________with a very ________ ___________ on the needles. This design _____________________________________ from these needles and most conifers do not lose needles in the winter - _______________________________________________________like those found in deciduous (shed leaves seasonally) trees. Therefore, the xylem is not as hard. Conifers are therefore also known as ______________________ B) Anatomy of A Gymnosperm: 1.Vascular Tissues i) ____________- Forms a narrow band under the bark, it consists of_____________ ___________, which transports ____________ (products of photosynthesis) around the plant for use or storage. ii) ____________- Woody portion of tree consists of______________________, which function as straws. These straw-like cells_____________________________________ _______________________________ iii)_______________ - A narrow layer of tissue, which produces xylem and phloem. 2.Conifer Needles: -Very efficient at conserving water, helps them________________________________ ________________________________. DESIGN: i) Thick needle with relatively _______________________________________ ii) Thick cuticle (_______________ material) iii) Stomata (openings for gas exchange) are well ______________________________ ___________________________________ PINE NEEDLE CROSS Section C) Gymnosperm Life Cycle- Pine Tree 1) The tree (sporophyte) produces male cones in the spring. The cones ___________ _____________________ (male gametophyte). Pollen is released into the air. 2) Pollen lands on the immature_________________________, which house the ____________ gametophyte. This is called ________________ 3) Each pollen grain __________________________________________________until the pollen tube makes contact with an egg/ovule. 4) A Nucleus (sperm nucleus) from the pollen grain then travels down the tube and unites with the egg. This is called _________________ *** IN PINE TREES, 15 months passes between pollination and fertilization.*** 5) The ______________ divides many times to become an___________. The embryo is packaged up with a source of __________ inside a___________________. These three things make up the ______________ D) Growth and Development: ___________________ tissues play an important role in ________________ and _____________ Stem Growth. - Most of tissues in a plant cannot divide but a special type of tissue called _____________ performs mitosis. This tissue is located in the regions of a plant that exhibit growth. “The growing parts” include ___________________and ________ as well as root tips. Primary Stem Growth : Growing in length 1.______________________________: Is a dome-shaped mass of dividing cells at the ______________________________________ Secondary Stem Growth: Growing in diameter (Involves two other types of meristematic tissue) 2._________________________: Lies between xylem and phloem and ____________ _________________________(xylem to the inside, phloem to the outside), this causes an increase in the thickness of a stem. 3.____________________: Produces ________________to form the ___________ _____________________________These cork cells are dead at maturity. “The term bark refers to___________________________________________________________” E) Economic and Ecological Importance: 1._______________________: A source of food for a_________________________: birds, insects, rabbits, squirrels, each of which forms an important link in other food chains. - The needles of the __________________are rich in _____________________ - Many animals rely on the structure of trees for___________________. 2.________________________: Photosynthesis helps regulate the level of gases in the atmosphere. Forests are often referred to as being the _______________________ 3._________: -White spruce is the main source of the pulpwood used to make paper. 4.__________: -Advantage is that wood is a ___________________________whereas fossil fuels are not. 5._________________________: -The ________________________of the Pacific Northwest is probably the most important ___________________in the world. Wood has unique properties ( ___________________________) _______________________ ___________________________________ Problems with Over-Forestry: i)____________________________, which results in both a loss of topsoil as well as increased flooding. ii) Habitat changes faster than many species can adapt, species often see decreases to their populations and some must ___________________________________________ - Without controlling pollution and forestry, our forests, once a renewable resource, may no longer exist. Old Growth Forest Clear Cut Logging