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Transcript
Plant Nutrition Chapter 37 • Uptake of nutrients happens in roots and leaves. • Roots, through mycorrhizae and root hairs, absorb water and minerals from soil. • Essential nutrient required for plant to grow from seed and complete life cycle. • Macronutrients needed in large numbers; micronutrients are not. • Texture, pH, composition of soil determines types of plants that grow in area. • Soil may be acidic or basic because of minerals that absorb in soil. http://eppftpserver.ag.utk.edu/profiles/tobacco/diseases/tob-pH-2.jpg • Soil made of topsoil - mixture of rock, living organisms, and humus (residue of partially decayed organic material) • Can be washed away by water, robbing soil of important nutrients. • Plants cannot use nitrogen in form of N2. • Bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, convert N2 to NH3 (ammonia), via nitrogen fixation. • Roots also form symbioses with organisms; relationships that are helpful to both species. • Legume’s roots have swellings called nodules - plant cells that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. • Crop rotation increases amount of nitrogen in soil. • Farmers do this so nitrogen-rich plants (legumes) can add nitrogen to different soil areas. • Mycorrhizae - modified roots, made of symbiotic relationships between fungi and roots. • Fungus increases surface area for water uptake, secretes growth factors that stimulate roots to grow and branch, and produces antibiotics. • Mycorrhizae - hyphae - help increase surface area; also invade cells by digesting cell wall. http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/tddl/tddl/disimg/bp/hyphae.jpg • Some plants - parasites - will not photosynthesize. • Tap into other plants that do. • Epiphytes (orchids) - not parasitic; grow on other plants. • Some plants evolved modified leaves that trap insects.