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GAS EXCHANGE Summary on system cards Card No 1 • • • • Definitions Make them short and sharp Underline or highlight key words It may be easier sometimes to draw and label a diagram Choosing the content of your card • Glance over the objectives and group closely related objectives together • For example, Gas Exchange can be grouped into four main themes: Gas Gas Gas Gas exchange exchange exchange exchange in general in plants in animals in mammals (humans) Gas Exchange in General Air Water • 1 L contains 210 mL of O2 • as altitude , density of air • in microenvironments, [O2] is less and [CO2] is greater • greater chance of respiratory surfaces drying out • 1 L contains 7 mL of O2 • as temperature , salinity , or depth , amount of gas that can dissolve (including oxygen) • less chance of respiratory surfaces drying out Gas Exchange in Plants Leaves • stomata • (include diagram) Stem • lenticels • (include diagram) Roots •get gases from the air spaces in the soil •gases diffuse into the film of moisture surrounding the root hairs Gas Exchange in Animals Breathing in Air • insects have: – tracheae, branching tubes – spiracles, holes in the cuticle • frogs exchange gases by: – absorbs through skin – gulping movements of the throat and floor of the mouth Breathing in Water • gills composed of: – several gill arches – gill arches contain gill filaments – the gill lamellae is a section of the filament where gas is exchanged • cilia can be used to move water • most have muscular pump to ventilate gills