Download BI212 Study Guide Animal Form and Function: Week 3 Vocabulary

BI212 Study Guide
Animal Form and Function: Week 3
Vocabulary words:
Interstitial fluid
Lymphatic system
Lymph
Atrium
Ventricle
Valve
Systemic heart
Branchial heart
Diastole
Systole
Pacemaker
AV node
Bundles of His
Purkinje fibers
Stroke volume
Baroreceptors
ADH
Gill
Dermal gills
Buccal cavity
Opercular cavity
Operculum
Gill arch
Gill filament
Gill lamella
Countercurrent exchange
Insect tracheae
Spiracle
Lung
Mammalian trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Bird lung
Bird air sacs
External intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors
Partial pressures
Vertebrate hemoglobin (Hb)
Oxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin O2-dissociation curve
Capillary beds can be closed for which three reasons?
Understand how veins return blood from the capillaries to the heart despite low pressure.
Understand the interrelationship between total vessel area, blood flow rate and blood
pressure throughout the circulatory system. Why is flow rate lowest in the capillaries?
Understand the physiological mechanisms of how interstitial fluid enters interstitial
spaces from the beginning of the capillaries and how it reenters the capillaries and the
end of the capillary bed.
What is lymph? What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
Understand basic heart structure and its components.
Compare and contract 2, 3, and 4-chambered hearts. How does each type deal with the
constraints of pressure and mixing?
Understand squid circulation and how it involves 3 hearts. Understand how this system
overcomes problems of both mixing and pressure.
Understand what happens during ventricular diastole and systole? Understand each event
in the process of heart contraction.
What functions can be controlled during the regulation of the circulatory system?
How do baroreceptors act to regulate circulation?
How does ADH act to regulate circulation?
What are gills?
Be able to describe the structure of echinoderm dermal gills and understand how they
function in gas exchange.
How do fish respire – i.e. how do they pass water across their gills?
Know the structure and function of fish gills.
Understand the concept of countercurrent exchange and how it is superior to concurrent
exchange in diffusion transfer.
What are the components of the insect tracheal system and how does it function in gas
exchange?
Understand the structure and function of the mammalian lung and the bird lung. How are
they different?
What are the mechanics of mammalian breathing? How are negative pressure and elastic
recoil involved? What muscles are involved?
How is breathing regulated? Where are the receptors that detect a need to increase
respiratory rate and what do they detect?
What are partial pressures? Try to get an overall understanding of how ∆p drives the
whole system of gas exchange and gas transport.
What is the structure of vertebrate hemoglobin and where on the molecule does it bind
oxygen? How does it function in gas exchange?
Understand how to read and interpret a hemoglobin O2-dissociation curve. Understand
where on the curve the lungs, capillaries and capillaries during exercise fall on the graph.
Understand how to calculate the % of O2 offloaded at the tissues.
Understand the 3 methods of CO2 transport in the blood. How are the blood cells
involved? How is hemoglobin involved? What is the role of HCO3-?