Download Respiratory notes

Respiratory System
Function??????
O2
1
Breathing
CO2
Lung
Circulatory
system
2
Transport
of gases by
the circulatory
system
Mitochondria
3
Exchange
of gases
with
body
cells
O2
CO2
Capillary
Cell
Cut
Cross section
of respiratory
surface (the
outer skin)
CO2
O2
Capillaries
• Specialized organs used for gas exchange
– Gills in fish and amphibians
– Tracheal systems in arthropods
– Lungs in tetrapods that live on land
–
–
–
–
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
• Gills
– Increase the surface area for gas exchange
– Oxygen absorbed
– Carbon dioxide released
- gas exchange is enhanced by
– Ventilation of the gills (moving water past the
gills)
– Countercurrent flow of water and blood
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gill
arch
Oxygen-poor
blood
Lamella
Oxygen-rich
blood
Direction
of water
flow
Gill
arch
Blood
vessels
Operculum
(gill cover)
Water flow
between
lamellae
Gill
filaments
Blood flow
through
capillaries
in lamella
Countercurrent exchange
Water flow, showing % O2
Diffusion
of O2 from
water to
blood
100 70
40
15
80
30
5
60
Blood flow in
simplified capillary,
showing % O2
Gill
arch
Gill
Direction
arch
Oxygen-poor
blood
of water
Direction
flow
Lamella
Oxygen-rich
blood
of water
flow
Gill
arch
Gill
Blood
vessels
arch
Blood
vessels
Operculum
Operculum
(gill cover)
Water flow
between
lamellae
(gill cover)
Gill
filaments
Blood flow
through
capillaries
in lamella
Countercurrent exchange
Water flow, showing % O2
Diffusion
of O2 from
water to
blood
Gill
15
filaments
100 70
40
80
30
60
5
Blood flow in
simplified capillary,
showing % O2
Oxygen-poor
blood
Lamella
Oxygen-rich
blood
Gill
arch
Blood
vessels
Water flow
between
lamellae
Gill
filaments
Blood flow
through
capillaries in
lamella
Countercurrent exchange
Water flow, showing % O2
Diffusion
of O2 from
water to
blood
100 70
40
15
80
30
5
60
Blood flow in
simplified capillary,
showing % O2
Human Respiratory System
• Structures?????
Functions?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
larynx
Trachea
– Cilia
– Cartilage
Bronchi
– Cartilage
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Capillaries
1
2
3
6
4
5
7
8
9
Vein going to
heart
Artery from the heart
bronchiole
capillary
alveoli
air space
Inhaled air
Exhaled air
Gases are
exchanged
in the
alveoli and
the tissue
cells
Air spaces
Alveoli
CO2
O2
Alveolar
capillaries
CO2-rich,
O2-poor
blood
O2-rich,
CO2-poor
blood
Heart
Tissue
capillaries
CO2
Tissue cells
throughout
body
O2
Rib cage
expands as
rib muscles
contract
Air
inhaled
Volume in thoracic cavity
goes up
Pressure goes down
Lung
Diaphragm
Diaphragm contracts
(moves down)
Inhalation
Low pressure inside, higher
outside
air rushes in
Rib cage gets
smaller as
rib muscles
relax
Air
exhaled
Volume in thoracic cavity
goes down
Pressure goes up
higher pressure inside,
lower outside
air rushes out
Diaphragm relaxes
(moves up)
Exhalation
Fig. 22-11
How are the gases carried in the blood?
Oxygen?
Carbon dioxide?
Most is converted into
bicarbonate ions and
transported in the blood
plasma
CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
H+ + HCO3-
TIDAL LUNG CAPACITY –
The amount of air your lungs hold during normal breathing; the amount
of air moved in and out of the
body in one breath
VITAL CAPACITY
the amount of air exhaled in one breath; The maximum amount of air
that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much as possible.
RESIDUAL VOLUME
the amount of air left in the lungs after a deep exhalation
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
the amount of air in the lungs after a deep inhalation; The vital capacity
plus the residual volume
Design an experiment to test this question: Is tidal
lung capacity related to …….?
One lab turned in for your group on an index card
Front of card:
Names, what did you test, data
Back of card:
Graph, conclusion