Download Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Single Loop Double Loop

Fig. 42-3
Circulatory and Respiratory
Systems
Heart
Heart
Today’s topics:
• (Finish Kidneys)
Blood
Hemolymph
• Circulatory System
– Open vs closed
– How the heart works
– Capillaries
Small branch vessels
In each organ
Interstitial
fluid
Pores
Dorsal vessel
(main heart)
• Respiration
– Partial pressures of gasses
– Lungs vs Gills
– Other respiratory systems
Tubular heart
Open circulatory system
• Birds
• insects
Ventral vessels
Closed circulatory system
8 April 2009
Single
Loop
Gill capillaries
Double
Loop
Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery
Aorta
9
3
Ventricle
Capillaries of
head and
forelimbs
7
Capillaries
of right lung
Gill
circulation
Artery
Heart
Auxiliary hearts
Capillaries
of left lung
3
2
4
Why do we
have two
different
loops?
Atrium
Systemic
circulation
Vein
11
Pulmonary
vein
1
Right atrium
Pulmonary
vein
5
Left atrium
10
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Inferior
vena cava
Aorta
8
Systemic capillaries
Amphibians
Reptiles
Lung and skin capillaries
Pulmocutaneous
circuit
Atrium (A)
Ventricle (V)
Systemic capillaries
Lung capillaries
Lung capillaries
Right
systemic
aorta
Atrium (A)
Left
Right
Systemic
circuit
Mammals and
Birds
Pulmonary
circuit
A
V
Right
Systemic capillaries
Aorta
4-chambered heart
Pulmonary
artery
1. Right
atrium
3. Left
atrium
Pulmonary
circuit
A
A
V
Left
Capillaries of
abdominal organs
and hind limbs
Left
systemic
aorta
A
V
V
Right
Left
Systemic
circuit
Systemic capillaries
Reptiles and Amphibians have 3 chambered
hearts and different circulation patterns.
Semilunar
valve
Semilunar
valve
Atrioventricular
valve
Atrioventricular
valve
2. Right
ventricle
4. Left
ventricle
1
Fig. 42-8-3
2 Atrial systole;
ventricular
diastole
Semilunar
valves
closed
Internal Pacemaker cells create heart rhythm
1 Pacemaker
generates wave of
signals to contract.
3 Signals pass
2 Signals are
delayed at
AV node.
4 Signals spread
to heart apex.
throughout
ventricles.
0.1 sec
AV
valves
open
0.4 sec
1 Atrial and
ventricular
diastole
Semilunar
valves
open
0.3 sec
SA node
(pacemaker)
ECG
AV valves
closed
3 Ventricular systole;
atrial diastole
Sphincters relaxed
Blood pressure causes fluid to leak
out of capillaries
Thoroughfare
channel
Precapillary sphincters
Body tissue
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Capillary
Net fluid
movement out
Net fluid
movement in
Capillaries
Arteriole
Venule
Direction of flow
Osmosis brings (most)
fluid back in
Fig. 42-18-4
Sphincters contracted
Red blood cell
Collagen fibers
Platelet releases chemicals
that make nearby platelets sticky
Platelet
plug
Fibrin clot
Clotting factors from:
Platelets
Damaged cells
Plasma (factors include calcium, vitamin K)
Arteriole
Venule
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
Fibrin
5 !m
2
Respiratory System
Partial pressures
Terminal
bronchiole
• Atmospheric pressure = 760 mm Hg
• Air is 21% O2
Alveoli
• Partial pressure O2 = 0.21*760 = 160 mm Hg
SEM
Colorized
50 !m SEM
At top of Mt. Everest, atmospheric
pressure is only 250.
Therefore PO2 = ______
50 !m
Fig. 42-22
Respiration in Aquatic Species
Fluid flow
through
gill filament
Oxygen-poor blood
Anatomy of gills
Oxygen-rich blood
Gill
arch
Lamella
Gill
arch
Gill filament
organization
Blood
vessels
Water
flow
Operculum
Water flow
between
lamellae
Blood flow through
capillaries in lamella
Countercurrent exchange
PO2 (mm Hg) in water
150 120 90 60 30
Gill filaments
Fig. 42-23
Net diffusion of O2
from water
to blood
140 110 80 50
20
PO2 (mm Hg) in blood
Fig. 42-26
Air sacs
Tracheae
Air
Anterior
air sacs
External
opening
Tracheoles
Mitochondria
Muscle fiber
Posterior
air sacs
Air
Trachea
Lungs
Lungs
Body
cell
Air
sac
Tracheole
Air tubes
(parabronchi)
in lung
INHALATION
Air sacs fill
1 mm
EXHALATION
Air sacs empty; lungs fill
Trachea
Air
Body wall
2.5 !m
3