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Transcript
Geographical Terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Landforms Mountains Plateaus Plain Desert Volcano Peninsula 8. Hill 9. Valley 10. Glacier 11. Locks 12.Canal 13.Archipelago 14.Sea 15.Isthmus Night and Day Orbit- The oval shaped path the earth takes around the sun Revolution- One complete orbit 365 1/4 days Axis- Line running through the Earth from the N. to S. poles Rotation- one complete turn on the Earth’s axis 24 hours (One Day) Latitudes Climate and Temperature are linked to Latitudes Low Latitudes (23.5 N to 23.5 S) = Tropics • 23.5 N = Tropic of Cancer • 23.5 S = Tropic of Capricorn High Latitudes (66.5 N to 90 N and 66.5 S to 90 S)= Polar • 66.5 N = Arctic Circle • 66.5 S = Antarctic Circle Middle Latitudes (Temperate Zone) 23.5 N to 66.5 N and 23.5 S to 66.5 S Four Seasons Important Days of the Northern Hem Sun Shines on the Tropic of Cancer on June 20 or 21 Summer solstice (First day of summer) Sun Shines on the Tropic of Capricorn on December 21 or 22 Winter solstice (First day of winter) Sun Shines on Equator on March 21 and September 23 Days exactly the same length as nights = Equinoxes Seasons Earth is tilted on its axis Toward sun = Days are longer, weather is warmer Away from sun = Days are shorter, weather is colder Tilt causes seasonal opposites on the Earth in the N. and S. Hemi. Plates and Tectonics: Internal Forces Plate- huge pieces of the Earth’s crust Plate Tectonics- Theory that the continents were once connected as one supercontinent. Pangaea Plates float on magma (hot soft rock) altering the Earth surface May move 2 inches a year Ring of Fire” Circles the Pacific Ocean 90% of Earth’s earthquakes happen here Weathering and Erosion: External Forces Weathering-Breaking of rocks into tiny pieces Erosion- Moving of small rocks from one place to another Caused by Wind Water and Ice Air and Water Atmosphere- Thick layer of special gasses Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide Mostly Nitrogen Weather and Climate Weather- Day to day changes in the air Measured mostly by temperature and precipitation Temp.- How warm or cool the air feels Celsius - Metric Fahrenheit - Standard Kelvin – Scientific Precip.-Water that falls to the ground Rain, sleet, snow, or hail Climate- Average weather over many years. What effect climate? Landforms, Elevation, Latitude Climate affects vegetation Vegetation- plants growing in an area Earths Earth’s Vegetation Latitude • The closer to the Equator, the warmer the climate • More direct sunlight • The farther from the Equator, the colder the climate • Less direct sunlight Tropical- Low Lat. hot and wet Lots of Veg. Rain forests Canopy – thick Veg. at the top of the rainforests Can be 50 ft thick! Dry- Varied Lat. hot and little rain Very little (if any) Veg. Mild- Middle Lat. average rain, hardly ever freezes Wide variety of Veg. Continental-Varied Lat. fairly dry with varied temperatures Veg. adapts to climate Polar- High Lat. Cold year round, no trees. Low grass, moss, lichens Landforms • Landforms block or allow weather patterns • Over time, weather becomes climate Mountains block Plains allow Elevation Vertical climate- Climate change due to elevation Average Lapse Rate – For every 1000 m in elevation, temp drops 6.4 C Winds East - West winds Created by the Earth’s rotation North - South winds Hot air rises and circulates to colder regions Cold air sinks and moves toward hotter region Keeps the earth from overheating Wind Cycle When air cools, it loses ability to hold moisture Rises and cools Sinks Water Cycle