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Transcript
Systematic Conservation Planning, Land Use Planning and SEA in South Africa • Sustainable development embodied in Constitution • Secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources and promote conservation • In South Africa: Cape Floristic Region, Succulent Karoo are global hotspots • Protected area network is inadequate to conserve a representative sample of biodiversity and supporting processes • Environmental law: EIA mandatory; SEA not mandatory • EIA has limited effect in dealing with biodiversity impacts • Municipal law calls for SEA in preparing spatial development frameworks for land use planning Systematic Conservation Planning Two key building blocks: spatial layers and targets • Considers biodiversity structure and composition (‘pattern’), and process • Draws on societal vision & objectives – who needs plan & for what • Decides on most appropriate scale – different scales answer different needs • Sets explicit, defensible targets [% species, species-area relationships, transformation, irreplaceability, threat] • Involves key stakeholders: implementers, specialists, local communities • Uses ‘land classes’ or biodiversity surrogates [habitat and geographic variables] • Focuses on landscapes, not at species level [heterogeneity & process] • Explores options to achieve vision, objectives and targets • Best option: tailored to purpose and use, capacity to implement Ecological processes: coastal-inland, upland-lowland, soil transition, climate (EW, NS) VISION Threatened, focal or umbrella species Ecosystem services, mainly regulating and supporting OBJECTIVES TARGETS OPTIONS CATEGORIES LAND USE & MANAGEMENT CHECKS Implementers - capacity Local inputs and values Spatial Development Framework Specialist inputs Biodiversity Pattern: Land classes Ecosystem values & services, mainly cultural & provisioning Spatial Planning using Systematic Conservation Planning Example - Overberg Municipality • Ecosystem status: much Critically Endangered vegetation in global & national contexts • Highly fragmented; threatened fragments with high connectivity provide ‘building blocks’ to enable process to persist • Safeguard soil / vegetation transitions, upland-lowland gradients, coast-inland, & coastal corridors • Conserve protected areas, special or unique habitats • Protect catchments, wetlands, coastal buffer & other NB ecosystem service areas • Spatial planning categories tied to land use and management recommendations • Planning categories cut across land ownership Systematic Conservation Planning and Impact Assessment – positives and negatives Positives • • • • • • Objectives & outcomes-driven, not baseline-driven Provides ‘significance thresholds’ for use in EIA Useful for screening purposes Provides a clear trigger for further investigation Sound basis for decisions, compensation ‘Buy in’ from stakeholders, shift in perspectives Negatives • • • • Challenges of scale Accessibility and interpretation of products Risk of clearing ‘to target’ Sufficient consideration of threatened and locally endemic species?