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Biology I Jeopardy Chapters 2-5: Ecology Mrs. Geist Biology, Fall 2010-2011 Swansboro High School Principles of Ecology Nutrition & Energy Flow 1 1 2 Communities & Biomes Population Biology Biodiversity & Conservation 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 The place where an organism lives out its life. What is a habitat? Column 1, #1 Biotic factors: living organisms that inhabit an environment. Ex: plants, animals Abiotic factors: nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. ex: air currents, Distinguish betweentemperature, biotic and abiotic factors and soil provide an moisture, light, example of each. Column 1, #2 1. Mutualism: both species benefit 2. Commensalism: one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped 3. Parasitism: harmful to one species and beneficial to the other species. Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships: (1) mutualism, (2) commensalism, and (3) parasitism. Column 1, #3 Niche. What is the term used to describe an organism’s strategies and adaptations to living in its environment? Column 1, #4 1. Organism 2. Population 3. Community 4. Ecosystem 5. Biosphere List the five levels of ecological organization, from smallest to greatest. Column 1, #5 Producers: = autotrophs. uses light energy or energy stored in chemical compounds to make its own food. Consumers: = heterotrophs. Cannot make its own ood and feeds on other organisms. Distinguish between producers and consumers. Column 2, #1 (1)herbivores: obtain food from plants (2)Carnivores: feed on other animals (3)Omnivores: eat both plants and animals Distinguish between the following types of consumers: (1) herbivores, (2) carnivores, and (3) omnivores. Column 2, #2 adaptation Which trophic level has the most biomass, and why? Column 2, #3 Matter recycles, but some energy is transferred. How does the movement of energy and matter in ecosystems differ? Column 2, #4 Producers typically have the most biomass because they have the most amount of energy available to them. 10 percent of the energy is available for the next trophic level. Which trophic level typically has the most biomass, and why? Column 2, #5 All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time. What is a community? Column 3, #1 Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the growth of a population. Ex: sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, space, other organisms. What is a limiting factor? Provide at least 2 examples of limiting factors. Column 3, #2 Tolerance is an organism’s ability to withstand fluctuations in a limiting factor. Populations become smaller as conditions move toward either extreme. What is tolerance? How does a range of tolerance affect the distribution of organisms? Column 3, #3 Primary succession takes place where there are no living organisms and pioneer species take hold. Secondary succession takes place after an existing community is severely disrupted. Distinguish between primary succession and secondary succession. Column 3, #4 Tundra- layer of permafrost, treeless, mostly small mammals and insects Taiga- trees, acidic soil, larger species of animals Distinguish between a tundra and a taiga. Column 3, #5 A group of the same species living in the same place at the same time. What is a population? Column 4, #1 The number of organisms an environment can support. What is carrying capacity? Column 4, #2 Exponential growth- J-shaped growth curve. As a population gets larger, it also grows at a faster rate. S-Shaped growth curve- limiting factors cause population growth to slow. Distinguish between exponential growth and an Sshaped growth curve. Column 4, #3 Density-dependent factors: have an increasing effect as the population increases. Ex: disease, competition, predators, predation, food Density-independent factors: affect populations regardless of their density. Ex: volcanic eruptions, temperature, storms, floods, drought, chemical pesticides, forest fire, human interference, animal behavior Distinguish between densitydependent and densityindependent factors. Provide an example of each. Column 4, #4 Slow life-history pattern- large organisms, mature and reproduce slowly, long life span. Ex: whales, humans, plants. Rapid life-history pattern- small organisms, mature quickly, reproduce early, short life span. Ex: mosquitoes, wild mustard plants Distinguish between a rapid and slow lifehistory pattern. Column 4, #5 The variety of species in a specific area. What is biodiversity? Column 5, #1 Conservation biology- study and implementation of methods to protect biodiversity. Ex: legal protection of species, preserving habitats, habitat corridors, sustainable use, captivity, reintroduction programs, protecting plant species. Describe some of the strategies used in conservation biology. Column 5, #2 Endangered species- numbers are so low that extinction is possible. Extinction- disappearance of a species. Last member dies. Distinguish between and endangered species and extinct species. Column 5, #3 Habitat fragmentation is the separation of wilderness areas from other wilderness area. Effects: increased extinction, disruption of ecological processes, invasive species, increased risk of fire, climate change What is habitat fragmentation and what effect does it have on the environment? Column 5, #4 Exotic species- grow at an exponential rate because they are not immediately vulnerable to local competitors or predators as are native species. This can lead to the disappearance of native species. How can exotic species affect populations of native species? Column 5, #5 Bonus Question 1 Bonus Question 2