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ECOLOGY Assessment 1 A keystone species A. can be a limiting factor B. Is important in maintaining biodiversity C. Affects other species in the ecosystem D. Affects the available food and other resources in the ecosystem E. All of the above Assessment 2 When the niches of two species overlap significantly, which of the following is NOT likely to happen? A. One of the species migrates B. The niche evolves to accommodate both species C. One of the species evolves D. One of the species suffers a decline in population E. One of the species becomes extinct Assessment 3 Which of the following is an ideal starting point for secondary succession? A. Newly created shallow pond B. Bare rock exposed by glacier movement C. Burnt down pine trees D. An abandoned road E. Newly cooled lava Assessment 4 A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted greatly by a particular human stress. Which trophic level would most likely be the first to suffer? A. Producers B. Primary consumers C. Secondary consumers D. Tertiary consumers E. Decomposers Assessment 5 A hookworm bores through human skin and eventually causes health problems for the person. This is an example of A. Commensalism B. Competition C. Mutualism D. Parasitism E. predation Assessment 6 The primary abiotic carbon source for the carbon cycle is A. The carbon dioxide in the air B. The carbon dioxide in the water C. The carbon monoxide in the air D. The carbon monoxide in the water E. The carbon dioxide in plants Assessment 7 The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia is A. Assimilation B. Ammonification C. Nitrification D. Denitrification E. Nitrogen fixation Assessment 8 What percentage of energy is generally said to be passed on as one moves from one level to the next on the biomass-energy pyramid? A. 10% B. 30% C. 50% D. 70% E. 90% Assessment 9 Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on the tree. This is an example of A. Parasitism B. predation C. Commensalism D. Mutualism E. Competition Assessment 10 The smallest group that can undergo biological evolution is a A. Species B. Family C. Population D. Community E. Ecosystem Assessment 1 A keystone species A. can be a limiting factor B. Is important in maintaining biodiversity C. Affects other species in the ecosystem D. Affects the available food and other resources in the ecosystem E. All of the above Assessment 2 When the niches of two species overlap significantly, which of the following is NOT likely to happen? A. One of the species migrates B. The niche evolves to accommodate both species C. One of the species evolves D. One of the species suffers a decline in population E. One of the species becomes extinct Assessment 3 Which of the following is an ideal starting point for secondary succession? A. Newly created shallow pond B. Bare rock exposed by glacier movement C. Burnt down pine trees D. An abandoned road E. Newly cooled lava Assessment 4 A stable ecosystem in North America is disrupted greatly by a particular human stress. Which trophic level would most likely be the first to suffer? A. Producers B. Primary consumers C. Secondary consumers D. Tertiary consumers E. Decomposers Assessment 5 A hookworm bores through human skin and eventually causes health problems for the person. This is an example of A. Commensalism B. Competition C. Mutualism D. Parasitism E. predation Assessment 6 The primary abiotic carbon source for the carbon cycle is A. The carbon dioxide in the air B. The carbon dioxide in the water C. The carbon monoxide in the air D. The carbon monoxide in the water E. The carbon dioxide in plants Assessment 7 The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia is A. Assimilation B. Ammonification C. Nitrification D. Denitrification E. Nitrogen fixation Assessment 8 What percentage of energy is generally said to be passed on as one moves from one level to the next on the biomass-energy pyramid? A. 10% B. 30% C. 50% D. 70% E. 90% Assessment 9 Epiphytes grow on the branches of trees to maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on the tree. This is an example of A. Parasitism B. predation C. Commensalism D. Mutualism E. Competition Assessment 10 The smallest group that can undergo biological evolution is a A. Species B. Family C. Population D. Community E. Ecosystem Niche Predation Individuals of one species (predator) hunt, capture, kill, and consume individuals of another species (prey) Ex) wolf and rabbit Predation cont. Mutualism Two or more species benefit from interaction with one another Symbiosis Organisms live in close physical contact Ex) mycorrhizae—plants and fungi Ex) humans and bacteria in the digestive tract Pollination is on of the most important mutualisms Commensalism One species benefits and the other is unaffected Ex) palo verde trees create shade and leaf litter that allows younger plants to germinate easier Ex) epiphytes—tropical orchids that live on trees Parasitism One organism (parasite) depends on another (the host) for nourishment or some other benefit while simultaneously doing the host harm Does not immediately kill host Ex) tapeworms, ticks, sea lamprey Keystone species A species with a strong influence on an ecosystem Keystone species http://www.life.uiuc.edu http://www.ux1.eiu.edu http://www.geo.arizona.edu