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1. The main function of the large intestine is the
a. Digestion of proteins
b. Digestion of carbohydrates
c. Digestion of fats
d. Absorption of water
e. Production of bile
Answer: D
2. ATP is required for all of the following processes EXCEPT
a. Active transport by transport proteins
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Microtubule movement within flagella
d. Na+/K+ pump activity
e. Protein synthesis
Answer: b
3. DNA replication occurs during
a. Anaphase
b. Interphase
c. Metaphase
d. Prophase
e. Telophase
Answer: b
4. Adenine, a nitrogenous base, is found in all of the following
EXCEPT
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. ATP
d. cAMP
e. Amino acids
Answer: e
5. Food storage in seeds occurs in the
a. Embryo
b. Coleoptile
c. Cotyledon
d. Germ
e. Plumule
Answer: c
6. The primary function of progesterone in the menstrual
cycle is to
a. Stimulate development of the egg
b. Stimulate development of the endometrium
c. Stimulate development of the corpus luteum
d. Stimulate development of the follicle
e. Trigger ovulation
Answer: c
7. Both viruses and prokaryotes contain
a. Nucleic acids
b. Ribosomes
c. A plasma membrane
d. A protein coat
e. A peptidoglycan wall
Answer: a
8. A cell contains four pairs of homologous chromosomes
represented by A1/A2; B1/B2; C1/C2; D1/D2. Which of the
following represents the chromosome makeup of a gamete
derived from this cell?
a. A2A2B1B2C1C2D1D2
b. B1B1C1D1
c. A1A2B1B2
d. A1B2C2D2
e. A1C1C2D1
Answer: d
9. Which of the following is MOST responsible for the
movement of water up a tall tree?
a. Adhesion
b. Capillary action
c. Cohesion
d. Osmosis
e. Sunlight
Answer: e
10.Which of the following statements concerning
photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenes,
and xanthophylls) is correct?
a. The Rf values obtained from a chromatographic analysis
are the same for these molecules.
b. The wavelength of light absorbed is the same for these
molecules
c. The molecules have the same molecular weight
d. The molecules have the same solubility in
chromatography solvents.
e. The molecules absorb energy by boosting electrons to
higher energy orbitals
Answer: e
11.All of the following characteristics are found in the phylum
Arthropoda EXCEPT:
a. Body segmentation
b. Jointed appendages
c. An exoskeleton made with chitin
d. A true coelom
e. A closed circulatory system
Answer: e
12.Which of the following structures are found in both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. Cell membrane and chloroplasts
b. DNA and ribosomes
c. Cell walls and a nuclear envelope
d. Flagella and endoplasmic reticulum
e. Golgi complex and mitochondria
Answer: b
13.Which of the following describes a single population?
a. A group of bacteria all of the species Bacillus subtilis
b. All insects occupying three hectares of farmland
c. An exact count of 315 animals in a fenced plot of land
d. All the birds counted in one day by census takers in the
US
e. All the animals and plants on an isolated island
Answer: a
14.All of the following are associated with an increase in the
rate of breathing EXCEPT:
a. An increase in HCO3- in the blood
b. An increase in pH of the blood
c. An increase in CO2 in the blood
d. Moving to a higher elevation
e. An increase in muscular activity
Answer: b
15.Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is inherited as a sex-linked
recessive allele. From whom does a male with this disease
inherit the defective allele?
a. Only his mother
b. Only his father
c. The mother or the father, but not both
d. Both the mother and the father
e. it is impossible to determine with certainty using only
the given information
Answer: a
16.Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Ribosome synthesis
c. DNA replication
d. Ca2+ storage in muscle cells
e. Modifying and packaging of proteins and lipids into
vesicles
Answer: e
Over a period of 100 years, a clear mountain lake is
transformed into a meadow. During the transition, various
communities inhabit the area. Each community is replaced by a
new community after a period of time.
17. The ecological process described in the above paragraph
is an example of
a. Carrying capacity
b. Density-dependent limiting factors
c. Density-independent limiting factors
d. Succession
e. Biotic potential
Answer: d
18.Which of the following statements best explains why a new
community is able to replace the resident community?
a. Species in the resident community die from old age
b. Species in the resident community die from disease that
eventually appears
c. Given enough time, new species able to compete for the
same resources as the resident species will arrive
d. Species extinction is inevitable
e. The biotic and abiotic characteristics of the habitat
change due to the influence of the resident community.
Answer: e
19.A transcription of the DNA sequence CCCGGAATT would
produce which of the following sequences in mRNA?
a. CCCGGAATT
b. GGGCCTTAA
c. AAATTCCGG
d. UUUAACCAA
e. GGGCCUUAA
Answer: e
20.Which of the following best describes the pattern of
punctuated equilibrium in evolution?
a. Speciation events occur relatively rapidly
b. Small changes that accumulate over long periods of time
lead to the formation of a new species and the extinction
of old species
c. Small changes that accumulate over long periods of time
lead to the divergence of one species into two or more
species.
d. Speciation occurs when random changes accumulate over
long periods of time.
e. Geographic isolation is the predominant mechanism of
speciation
Answer: a
21.Hemophilia is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. If a
woman whose father has hemophilia marries a man without
hemophilia, what is the probability that their child will be a
boy with hemophilia?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%
Answer: b
22.A body plan with radial symmetry is found in which of the
following groups?
a. Flatworms
b. Roundworms
c. Hydrozoans and jellyfish
d. Rotifers
e. Sponges
Answer: c
23.A recessive trait appears in 81% of the individuals in a
population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What
percent of the population in the next generation is expected
to be homozygous dominant?
a. 1%
b. 9%
c. 18%
d. 19%
e. 81%
Answer: a
24.A plant that produces fruit, has leaves with veins
branching to form a netlike pattern, and has vascular
bundles in stems arranged in a circle is most likely a
a. Corn plant
b. Fern
c. Moss
d. Pea plant
e. Pine
Answer: d
25.Clown fish hide among the tentacles of sea anemones.
Unlike their predators, clown fish are immune to the
stinging tentacles. Thus, clown fish are protected within
the sea anemones. The sea anemones are neither helped
nor harmed by the presence of the clown fish. The
relationship between the clown fish and the sea anemone is
an example of
a. Competition
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism
d. Parasitism
e. Predation
Answer: b
26. Name two of the four basic tasks that the
animal body performs.
Maintains conditions within cell tolerance levels; Acquire
water and nutrients and distributes them while disposing of
waste; Protects against injury or attack from without and
within; Reproduces and helps nourish during early
development
27. What is the basic cell type within the
nervous system?
Neurons
28. How are exocrine and endocrine glands
different?
Exocrine glands have ducts through which they secrete
solutions (saliva; milk; mucous) Endocrine are ductless and
secrete directly into interstitial fluids.
29. List and describe functions of three types
of muscle tissues in the body.
Skeletal: movement of extremities and other body parts;
Smooth: controls constriction and blood flow within organs and
blood vessels
Cardiac: makes up the heart, which pumps blood throughout
the body
30. Name two organs that might be found
within the thoracic cavity?
Heart and lungs
31. Within which body cavity would you find
the reproductive organs?
Pelvic cavity
32. What type of impulse stimulates a neuron?
Electrical
33. What are neurotransmitters?
Chemical signaling molecules that diffuse from axon of one
neuron to dendrite of next, over narrow cleft between neurons
known as synapse.
34. In what way has knowledge about specific
neurotransmitters benefited humans?
Drug therapies such as valium and other anti-anxiety drugs
have been developed that help signal inhibitory effect on
brain…simulating neurotransmitters.
35. How does the nervous system of the
vertebrate and invertebrate differ?
Nervous systems of invertebrates are simple nerve nets, while
vertebrate nervous systems are more complex with brains and
spinal cords.
36. What are the parts of the CNS?
The brain and the spinal cord
37. Within the PNS, what are the two
divisions, and how do they differ?
Autonomic: Controls smooth muscles
Somatic: Controls skeletal muscles
38. Which type of autonomic nerves would
respond when your car stalls on a train tracks,
and a train is coming?
Sympathetic: Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic: Maintenance of body, and digestion
39. What specific part of the brain controls
the heart rate, respiratory rate, and other
vital functions?
Medulla oblongata
40.Describe the basic jobs of the cones and
rod cells.
Cones detect and decipher colors in the spectrum; rods detect
contrast…light vs. dark
41. What system incorporates the chemicals
known as hormones?
Endocrine
42. Which gland is responsible for lowering
glucose levels in a person’s blood?
Pancreas: Islets of Langerhans
43. What two hormones regulate glucose
levels?
Insulin brings glucose down; Glucagon brings it up.
44. Which is known as the master gland,
controlling growth and development, as well as
other glands?
The pituitary gland is the master gland
45. To what system does the largest human
organ belong?
The largest human organ is the skin, and it belongs to the
integumentary system.
46. Describe and name the two types of
digestion that occur in the mouth.
Mechanical: mastication and creating a bolus
Chemical: mixing salivary amylase with carbohydrates to begin
breaking starches down into sugars.
47. At what level within the circulatory
system are the gases and nutrients exchanged
between cells?
Capillaries
48. Name thee systems that can also be found
within the excretory system
Respiratory, digestive, urinary, circulatory…
49. Name the four constituent parts of blood,
and be ready to briefly name their function.
Red blood cells: transport oxygen via hemoglobin
White blood cells: immune defense
Plasma: transport medium for blood (the liquid part)
Platelets: blood clotting agent
50.Name four functions of bones within our
skeletal system.
protection: ribs and cranium
storage for minerals: calcium and phosphorus
produce red and white blood cells: bond marrow
support structure and movement