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Chapter 45:
Animal Nutrition
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
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I.
Animals are classified into 3 dietary categories
a. Herbivores
b. Carnivores
c. Omnivores
II.
Animals have 3 different ways to obtain food
a.
Adam
Biology 212
Emeka Kemdirim
b.
c.
III.
Digestion and Absorption of Foods occurs in 2 ways
a.
b.
IV.
Muscle contraction helps churn ingested food to break them into smaller parts and to
move food along the digestive activity. These muscle contractions are called
___________. The interior of this digestive canal is lined with _________ cells. List
some of the functions of these cells:
V.
Absorption
a. Small hydrophobic molecules are absorbed how?
b. Ions and other charged molecules are absorbed how?
c. Hydrophilic organic molecules are absorbed how?
d. Most nutrients are transported to the blood once it crosses the epithelial cells, this
creates an ________ gradient which draws water out of the canal.
e. Intestinal epithelial cells have _______ that increase surface area.
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f. What is caused by stomach acid rising within the esophagus.
g. What is caused by an erosion of the walls of the canal?
h. What is the primary location for nutrient digestion?
i. What is the primary location for nutrient absorption?
j. In the stomach acid converts _________ to active pepsin.
k. In the stomach food is reduced to what is called _______.
l. Where is bile secreted?
m. Which part of digestion system absorbs mostly water, salt, and minerals?
n. Adam LOVES chocolate, once he starts eating were does digestion start?
1. The process of enzymatically breaking down large molecules into small molecules that
can be used by cells is
a. Absorption
b. Secretion
c. Ingestion
d. Digestion
2. The term “essential nutrient” refers to
a. All the carbs, proteins, and lipid ingested by an organism
b. Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet
c. Nutrients that only come from meat
3. Which of the following statement is not correct?
a. Fluid-feeders include animals that consume animal or plant fluids
b. Suspension feeding occurs only in invertebrates
c. Herbivory occurs in both aquatic and terrestrial species
d. Blood sucking animals may contain anticoagulants in their saliva
4. Which of the following statements regarding the vertebrate stomach is not correct?
a. Its cells secrete the active protease enzyme pepsin
b. It is a saclike organ that evolved to store food
c. Its cells secrete HCl
d. It is the initial site of protein digestion
5. Absorption of small intestine is increased by
a. The many villi that are present on the inner surface of the small intestine
b. The brush boarder formed by microvilli on the cells of the villi
c. The presence of numerous transporter molecules on the epithelial cells.
d. All da above homie!
HAVE A GREAT WEEKEND!
-from your friendly SI instructor Adam