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Fish Effects Five-year Plan Chinook Salmon Outline Management and Regulatory Context RMP objectives Specific questions for the next five years Highlights of SF Bay/Delta fish effects work Priorities Management Context SF Bay is critical habitat for: Estuarine fish (e.g., Delta smelt) Marine fish (e.g., herring & anchovies) Anadromous fish (e.g., Chinook salmon, steelhead, sturgeon) 9 endangered species reside in Bay Delta Smelt Herring Management Context Many SF Bay fish are in decline: Source: CDFG and Delta Smelt Action Plan (2005) Shiner surfperch Management Context Delta Smelt near screen Invasive asian clam Reasons for decline are unclear: Water diversions Invasive species Loss of habitat Contaminants Invasive cyclopoid copepod Regulatory Context Few fish effect standards/guidelines exist NOAA 1 ppm PAH threshold for sediments Regulatory Context Few fish effect standards exist Basin Plan narrative objective: Delta smelt All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms. Detrimental responses include, but are not limited to, decreased growth rate and decreased reproductive success of resident or indicator species. Chinook salmon in Santa Clara Valley watershed RMP Objectives and Management Questions 4.0 Characterize ecological and human health risks due to pollution of the Estuary ecosystem 4.1 Which chemicals pose ecological and human health risks and should be monitored? 4.2 What ecological and human health risks exist due to Bay pollution? 4.3 Are management actions effective in reducing ecological and human health risks due to Bay pollution 4.4 What are the most cost-effective indicators of ecological and human health risks to support decisionmaking Specific Questions for the Next 5 Years Selenium & splittail Source: Dr. Teh UC-Davis Are pollutants, individually or in combination, reducing viability of fish populations? Source: Dr. David Ostrach of UC-Davis Specific Questions English sole Are pollutants, individually or in combination reducing viability of fish populations? What are appropriate thresholds for PAHs in sediments to protect fish? Specific Questions English sole Are pollutants, individually or in combination reducing viability of fish populations? What are appropriate thresholds for contaminants in sediments? What are cost-effective indicators for monitoring fish effects? Previous Fish Effects Work Relatively few marine fish effects studies At PAH and PCB contaminated sites in Bay (Spies and Rice 1988), Starry flounder had: Higher incidence of AHH Poorer egg survival, decreased fertilization, and decreased embryo success Previous Fish Effects Work Field study of SF bay fish and reference site Source: Stehr et al. 1997 Ecotoxicology 6, 35-65 Increase in liver lesions in SF Bay fish correlated to higher PCB, PAH, and pesticide concentration RMP Fish Effects Work RMP-funded work Myers et al. 2002 Significant increase in liver lesions in white croaker; difficult to correlate to contaminants to effects Spies et al. 2006 Study of effect of contaminants on growth, fitness and reproduction of shiner surfperch. Skewed sex ratio; few histopathological effects; EROD somewhat ambiguous Kelley et al. on-going Evaluation of hormones/contaminants in shiner surfperch/staghorn sculpin Endocrine Disruption in SF Fish Shiner surfperch Pacific staghorn sculpin Source: K. Kelley CSU-LB Priorities for Fish Effects Link current effects work to populationlevel evaluations Identify fish effects Identify suitable biomarkers of effects Apply models to translate individual effects to population-level effects Priorities for Fish Effects High priority pollutants PAHs PCBs Endocrine disruptors Others? Lower priority pollutants Legacy pesticides Trace metals Others? Priorities for Fish Effects Evaluate thresholds for decision-making in the Bay PAH threshold Implement use of fish effect indicators in S&T triennial sportfish monitoring Liver lesions Gonad histopathology Incidence of parasites Others?
