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WILDLIFE AND NRM
Wildlife and wildlife habitats are
increasingly under threat from the
environmental consequences of
mankind's unsustainable activities.
Serious threats to many faunal and
floral species are imposed on them
which calls for actions and
discussions on the issue of NRM and
wildlife.
www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/esd/Environment/Wildlife.html
REASONS FOR EXTINCTION
• DEFORESTATION
• POLLUTION
• HUNTING
THE RIVER DOLPHINS OF
GANGES
CONDITIONS AND ACTIONS
TAKEN
DECLINE IN THE DOLPHIN POPULATION
DUE TO CERTAIN HUMAN ACTIVITIES:
• Human activities such as dam building,
entanglement in fishing nets, boating and
pollution.
• Hunting for meat and oil is the evergreen
reason in this regard
• Urgent need is to care for these animals as
they are an important part of the ecosystem
www.wdcs.org
IMPORTANCE
• Extremely valuable species for monitoring the
environment as there presence in adequate
number signifies the richness in the biodiversity
of the river system.
• Acting as the indicator of health for the
ecosystem of our rivers it is at the top of the
aquatic food chain
www.wwfindia.org
INITIATIVES TAKEN
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Vikramshila Conservation Action Plan by collaboration
with local conservationists from the Vikramshila
Biodiversity Research and Education Centre (VBREC)
Patna University,T.M. Bhagalpur University, Whales and
dolphin conservation society (WDCS) initiated a project.
Action Plan prepared by WWF-India in 1997 by
developing local expertise through awareness activities
among local communities research, including a
comprehensive assessment.
Comprehensive assessment and documentation of the
dolphin population, their habitat, and the threats they
face.
www.wdcs.org
ACTIONS:
• Strengthening of community awareness and
participation;
• Encouragement of community ownership and
management of fisheries;
• Establishment of a river biodiversity research and
education centre;
• Educating government agencies and influential
individuals, promotion of river dolphins as a flagship
species of healthy rivers;
• Monitoring and conducting focused conservation
efforts on the status of dolphins and environmental
conditions in the Sanctuary;
• Promoting oil made from fish scraps as an
alternative to dolphin oil for attracting fish.
OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLES
• Orissa coast – World’s largest egg laying
centre or largest graveyard.
• 9 years – 90,000 deaths.
• 3 beaches of Orissa – 1000’s of trutle’s
nesting place – Devi, Gahirmatha,
Rushikulya.
• Nesting period – Nov - May
www.newsfromkkp.blogspirit.com
Fate of Olive Ridleys
http://oceans.greenpeace.org
http://www.planetsave.com
Eggs and hatchlings of Olive ridley
turtles
www.newsfromkkp.blogspirit.com
www.hindu.com
Olive Ridley
• Uncontrolled mechanised fishing.
Trawlers – more than 100.
Trawl nets and Gill nets.
• Planting of Casuarina on nesting beaches.
• Bright lights near coast.
Source: A movie on Olive Ridley turtles - “AWARENESS”, Dated-2003
Olive Ridley – Efforts to save
• Endangered.
• Orissa Marine Fishing Regulation Act.
• Use of Turtle Excluder Device (TED).
CONSERVATION
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Closing seasons.
Use of TEDs.
Fishing boundary – 5 kms.
Lights – switched off – nesting period.
Casuarina – uprooted.
Actively patrolling for few months.
Source: A movie on Olive Ridley turtles - “AWARENESS”, Dated-2003
CONSERVATION
• Combined efforts of
> Orissa coast guard
> Fisheries deptt.
> Forest deptt.
> Boat owners.
The objectives
• To ensure maintenance of a viable
population of tigers in India for scientific,
economic, aesthetic, cultural and
ecological values.
• To preserve, for all times, areas of such
biological importance as a national
heritage for the benefit, education and
enjoyment of the people.
Tiger Conservation in India
• Its name lies in the topmost position among the species
of endangered animals
• 1900 - 40000 tigers
• 1972 - 1827 tigers
REASONS :
• habitat destruction.
• forestry disturbance.
• loss of prey.
• poaching.
• competition with local villagers and domestic animals
http://www.wwf.org
PRESENT POSITION
• NUMBER OF RESERVES INCREASED
FROM 9 TO 23.
• COVER AREA 33000 SQUARE KMS.
• REHABILITATION OF THE PEOPLE
LIVING UNDER PROTECTED AREAS.
People, Parks & Wildlife: Towards
Coexistence – By Vasant Saberwal
• People, Parks & Wildlife provides an accessible account of the
conflicts surrounding protected areas even as it makes a compelling
case for changing current management practices to incorporate the
livelihood needs of the local population.
• The strategy of forming a network of national parks and wildlife
sanctuaries, a system of enclaves where human activities are
prohibited, has succeeded in preserving some threatened
ecosystems and increasing the populations of endangered species
such as the tiger and the elephant, this success has come at great
cost.
• The burden of conservation has been disproportionately borne by
those living in and around the protected areas. Often they are
already poor and marginalised groups, whose customary rights to
use the forest have been curtailed.
Source: www.hinduonnet.com
Vasant Saberwal
Vasant Saberwal is a director, script writer and
academic researcher, with special interests in
ecology, development and indigenous cultures.
• In 1996 he received his doctorate from Yale
University for his work on change and continuity
among the Gaddi, a pastoral community of
Himachal Pradesh.
• He has co-directed several films with Sanjay
Barnela, including Pastoral Politics, Turf Wars
and The Elusive Mountain – Gya.
Source:http://www.opendemocracy.net/author/Vasant_Saberwal.jsp
References
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Nair, S.M.; Endangered Animals of India and their conservation,
National Book Trust, INDIA.
The Ecologist Asia, Vol. 12, No. 12.
Panda, July 2004.
Panda Issue I, 2004
Feasting Fasting, Down to Earth, November 30, 2006.
http://www.haridwar.nic.in
http://www.cdnn.info
http://www.wwf.org
http://www.wwfindia.org
http://www.wdcs.org
http://www.lairweb.org
http://www.cms.int.
A movie on Olive Ridley turtles - “AWARENESS”, Dated-2003
www.hinduonnet.com (VASANT SABERWAL’S BOOK –
PEOPLE,PARKS AND WILDLIFE:TOWARDS COEXISTENCE)
THANK YOU
• ANANDA SAHA (09)
• SOHIL BHATT (52)
• SUBHODIP GANGULI (53)