Download Notes #2 - Manistique Area Schools

Intro to Biology
Unit 1 (Chapter 1)
The Basis of Life
Part 2
Vocabulary Intro
 Species
 Populations
 Communities
 Ecosystems
 Predator
 Prey
Section 1.2 Big Ideas
 Organization of the Biosphere
 Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their
environment
 Compare the various interdependent relationships
of organisms
 Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystem
Organization of the Biosphere
 Species (individuals) – individuals interact with
other living and nonliving things, so scientists also
study groups of organisms
 Populations – groups of the same type of species
living in an area
 Communities – all of the types of
organisms/populations in an area
 Ecosystems – all of the living +nonliving things in
an area
Explain how organisms respond
and adapt to their environment
 Short term changes
 A lion heading to the shade when it gets hot
 Long-term changes
 Change in finches beaks in the Galapagos
Islands
 Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin)
 Survival of the fittest
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
 5 Major Interactions Among Biotic Factors in an
Ecosystem
 Predation
 Competition
 Parasitism
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
 Predation
 One organism kills & eats
another organism
 Predator – the killer/eater
 Feed on the young & weak
 Limits the size of prey
populations
 Prey – gets eaten/killed
 Prey declines the predators must
find other prey
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
Predation
Examples
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
 Competition
 2 or more organisms of the
same or different species
attempt to use the same
limited resources
 can occur evenly if there’s
no contact (indirect)
 ex-2 insects, same plant,
one feeds during the day,
one at night
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
 Parasitism (Type of
Symbiosis)
 parasite- organisms that
live in or on another
organism & feed on it w/o
immediately killing it
 host- organism the
parasite takes
nourishment from
 organisms are negatively
affected by parasites
Mistletoe on an apple tree
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
Hungry Tick
Full Tick
Parasitism
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
 Mutualism (Symbiosis)
 a cooperative
partnership between
two species in which
both species benefit
 Example you &
intestinal bacteria,
bacteria aids you
w/digestion you give
bacteria warm
home/food
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
Commensalism (Symbiosis)
 One species benefits, the
other is neither harmed
nor helped
 Remora & sharks attach to
sharks & feed on scraps
from their meals the
sharks aren’t affected
 Commensalism is very
rare
Compare the various interdependent
relationships of organisms
 Commensalism or Mutualism??
 The sea anemone and the clown fish….
Scientists tend to agree
that it is
commensalism, there is
not sufficient
documented proof that
the anemone benefits in
any way…
Do the fish scare away
other fish/predators???
Finding Nemo….do they
keep the anemone
clean???
Summarize the role of humans in the
ecosystem
 Humans affect, and are affected by the environment
 We need food and medicine
 We are aided by technology (biotechnology)
 Clothing and additional resources (fuel, wood
products, cycling of O2 and CO2)
 Protecting Biodiversity
 We find uses for living things that we may not
have always been aware of… etc…