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Download Notes #2 - Manistique Area Schools
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Intro to Biology Unit 1 (Chapter 1) The Basis of Life Part 2 Vocabulary Intro Species Populations Communities Ecosystems Predator Prey Section 1.2 Big Ideas Organization of the Biosphere Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their environment Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystem Organization of the Biosphere Species (individuals) – individuals interact with other living and nonliving things, so scientists also study groups of organisms Populations – groups of the same type of species living in an area Communities – all of the types of organisms/populations in an area Ecosystems – all of the living +nonliving things in an area Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their environment Short term changes A lion heading to the shade when it gets hot Long-term changes Change in finches beaks in the Galapagos Islands Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin) Survival of the fittest Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms 5 Major Interactions Among Biotic Factors in an Ecosystem Predation Competition Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Predation One organism kills & eats another organism Predator – the killer/eater Feed on the young & weak Limits the size of prey populations Prey – gets eaten/killed Prey declines the predators must find other prey Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Predation Examples Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Competition 2 or more organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same limited resources can occur evenly if there’s no contact (indirect) ex-2 insects, same plant, one feeds during the day, one at night Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Parasitism (Type of Symbiosis) parasite- organisms that live in or on another organism & feed on it w/o immediately killing it host- organism the parasite takes nourishment from organisms are negatively affected by parasites Mistletoe on an apple tree Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Hungry Tick Full Tick Parasitism Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Mutualism (Symbiosis) a cooperative partnership between two species in which both species benefit Example you & intestinal bacteria, bacteria aids you w/digestion you give bacteria warm home/food Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Commensalism (Symbiosis) One species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped Remora & sharks attach to sharks & feed on scraps from their meals the sharks aren’t affected Commensalism is very rare Compare the various interdependent relationships of organisms Commensalism or Mutualism?? The sea anemone and the clown fish…. Scientists tend to agree that it is commensalism, there is not sufficient documented proof that the anemone benefits in any way… Do the fish scare away other fish/predators??? Finding Nemo….do they keep the anemone clean??? Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystem Humans affect, and are affected by the environment We need food and medicine We are aided by technology (biotechnology) Clothing and additional resources (fuel, wood products, cycling of O2 and CO2) Protecting Biodiversity We find uses for living things that we may not have always been aware of… etc…