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Transcript
-Motion: Why? -Newton’s Laws Physics Mrs. Coyle Part I –Newton’s First Law The Early Days Greece Aristotle (4th Century BC) Natural and violent motion Italy Galileo Galilei (1564 AD) Is a force necessary in order to keep an object moving? Demos Galileo’s Experiment with Ball A force is not required to keep the ball moving on a horizontal plane. In the absence of friction, the ball would move perpetually. Newton’s First Law Isaac Newton -England (1561) 1st Law – Law of Inertia An object at rest or moving at constant velocity will continue to be at rest or at constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net force. Inertia---Mass Inertia: the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion Mass: amount of matter in an object a measure of inertia unit: kg scalar Seatbelts!!!!!!! (http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/m media/newtlaws/cci.html) An airplane drops a flare. Which is the path of the flare? v A v B C Part II- Newton’s 2nd Law Force: a push or a pull Vector Unit: Newton N The 4 Fundamental Forces Gravitational (attractive force between masses) Electromagnetic (caused by to electric and magnetic fields) Strong Nuclear Force (holds nuclear particles together) Weak Nuclear Force (involved in radioactive decay of nuclei) Friction: a force acting when two surfaces rub against each other. Friction opposes motion. Is caused by the irregularities in surfaces. Newton’s 2nd Law F=ma Normal Force: a force acting perpendicular to the interface of contact between two objects. Weight: the gravitational force with which the earth pulls an object vector unit: N Free Body Diagram: Part III- Newton’s 2nd Law and Kinematics Example 1 A 40kg box is starting from rest and accelerates to 2m/s in 3s. a)Find the acceleration. b)Find the net force acting on the object. Example 2 A 2kg rock falls through a liquid for 3m. It initial velocity was 0.5m/s and its final velocity was zero. a)Find the acceleration. b)Find the net force acting on the object. Example 3 A 1500kg car traveling at 5m/s hits a muddy barrier and is stopped by a net force of 2000N. a) Find the car’s net acceleration. b) Find the distance the car traveled while being stopped by the barrier. Example 4 A 0.1kg arrow is pulled back and then after being at rest is released by a bow. During the release the arrow traveled 0.3m. Its final release speed was 12m/s. a) b) Find the acceleration given to the arrow by the bow. Find the force with which the bow pushed the arrow. Part IV- Newton’s 3rd Law Newton’s 3rd Law When an object exerts a force on a second object (action), the second objects exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object (reaction). To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces occur in pairs. What is the reaction force to: Kicking a soccer ball? The windshield of a bus hitting a fly? The swimmer pulling the water? Can you hit a piece of paper with a large force with your hand? What are the reaction forces to the each of the forces shown? Example 1 Snoopy has a mass of 15kg and kicks a 0.4kg ball with a force of 15N. a)Draw the free body diagram showing the forces acting on each object. b)With what force does the ball kick Snoopy and why? c)What was the acceleration of the ball? d)What was the acceleration of Snoopy? Ans: b) 15N, c) 37.5m/s2 d) 1m/s2 Example 2 Two blocks, one 8 times as massive as the other, are connected by a compressed spring (sitting on a frictionless surface). When the spring is released the blocks fly apart. a) Draw the free body diagram showing the forces acting on each object. b) What is the acceleration of the lighter block relative to the heavier one? Example 3 Two skaters, a girl of mass 45kg and a 65 kg boy push off of each other. The boy accelerates at 2m/s2. Find the girl’s acceleration. Example 4 A student of mass 55kg is standing on the surface of the earth. a)What is the force that the earth pulls the student with? b)What is the force with which the student pulls the earth? c)What is the acceleration of the earth because of the pull of the student?