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Transcript
Newton's Laws of Motion What is the difference between throwing a baseball & tossing one gently? • In both examples the ball starts at rest • One has a faster velocity than the other • Which one has a greater acceleration? Force, Mass & Acceleration • The greater the force applied to an object the greater the acceleration will be • I.E: the harder the baseball is thrown the faster it will accelerate If you throw a cotton ball & a baseball as hard as you can, why don't they have the same speed? • Because of their different masses • The acceleration of an object depends on the mass as well as the force applied to it • Force, Mass & Acceleration are all connected • Newton's 2nd Law of Motion describes this relationship Newton's Laws of Motion Second law: when a force acts on an object the object will move in the direction of the force The player in black had more acceleration thus he hit with a greater amount of force Newton's Laws of Motion Second law: • The greater the force, the greater the acceleration • The greater the mass, the greater the force needed for the same acceleration • Calculated by: F = ma • (F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration) What does F = ma mean? Force is directly proportional to mass and acceleration. Imagine a ball of a certain mass moving at a certain acceleration. This ball has a certain force. Now imagine we make the ball twice as big (double the mass) but keep the acceleration constant. F = ma says that this new ball has twice the force of the old ball. Now imagine the original ball moving at twice the original acceleration. F = ma says that the ball will again have twice the force of the ball at the original acceleration. More about F = ma If you double the mass, you double the force. If you double the acceleration, you double the force. What if you double the mass and the acceleration? (2m)(2a) = 4F Doubling the mass and the acceleration quadruples the force. So . . . what if you decrease the mass by half? How much force would the object have now? What does F = ma say? F = ma basically means that the force of an object comes from its mass and its acceleration. Something very massive (high mass) that’s changing speed very slowly (low acceleration), like a glacier, can still have great force. Something very small (low mass) that’s changing speed very quickly (high acceleration), like a bullet, can still have a great force. Something very small changing speed very slowly will have a very weak force. Examples of Newton’s nd 2 Law a) hitting a baseball, the harder the hit, the faster the ball goes b) accelerating or decelerating a car c) The positioning of football players massive players on the line with lighter (faster to accelerate) players in the backfield d) a loaded versus an unloaded truck