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FORCE & MOTION
*A FORCE IS A PUSH OR PULL EXERTED BY ONE
OBJECT ON ANOTHER.
*EVERY FORCE HAS A DIRECTION.
* MOTION IS WHEN AN OBJECT MOVES.
*THE AGENT IS THE OBJECT APPLYING THE FORCE.
*THE RECIEVER IS THE OBJECT RECEIVING THE FORCE.
*A FORCE MAY BE BALANCED OR UNBALANCED.
*A BALANCED FORCE IS WHEN THE FORCE BEING
APPLIED TO AN OBJECT IS EQUAL TO THE FORCE
BEING EXERTED BACK BY THE OBJECT.
*AN UNBALANCED FORCE IS WHEN ONE FORCE IS
GREATER THAN THE OTHER FORCE. CAUSING ONE
OBJECT TO MOVE, STOP, OR CHANGE DIRECTION.
KINDS OF FORCES
1). BUOYANT FORCE IS THE UPWARD FORCE EXERTED BY A FLUID ON AN OBJECT
IMMERSED IN IT.
2). MAGNETIC FORCE A FORCE EXERTED ON OBJECTS THAT MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES.
3). ELECTRICAL FORCE IS A FORCE EXERTED BY CHARGED PARTICLES OF AN OBJECT.
4). GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IS THE FORCE EXERTED BY ALL OBJECTS THAT
PULL THE OBJECTS TOWARDS EACH OTHER. THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
OF OBJECTS DEPENDS ON THE OBJECTS MASSES AND HOW CLOSE THE
OBJECTS ARE TO EACH OTHER.
5). ELASTIC FORCE IS THE FORCE EXERTED BY OBJECTS THAT STRETCH.
6). FRICTIONAL FORCE IS THE FORCE
EXERTED BY TWO OBJECTS THAT RUB
AGAINST EACH OTHER. FRICTIONAL FORCE
CAUSES HEAT.
7). CENTRIPETAL FORCE IS THE FOR EXERTED
ON AN OBJECT TRAVELING IN A CIRCULAR
PATTERN. THE FORCE IS PULLING THE OBJECT
TOWARDS THE CENTER, OR MIDDLE OF THE
CIRCLE.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
ISAAC NEWTON DEVELOPED THEORIES ABOUT MOTION AS WELL AS OTHER
SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS. EVENTUALLY, HIS THEORIES WOULD BE PROVEN AND
BECAME LAWS.
NEWTON’S 1ST LAW OF MOTION
* SAYS: THAT AN OBJECT AT REST OR IN MOTION WILL REMAIN AT REST OR
IN MOTION, UNLESS ACTED UPON BY AN OPPOSITE FORCE.
* NEWTON EXPLAINED THAT OBJECTS RESIST ANY CHANGE IN ITS MOTION.
* INERTIA IS THE RESISTANCE OF MATTER TO CHANGE ITS MOTION.
EXAMPLE: IF YOUR ON A MOTOR CYCLE AND IT HITS A WALL,
THE MOTORCYCLE COMES TO A STOP. BUT YOUR BODY, WHICH
WAS IN MOTION WITH THE MOTORCYCLE, RESISTS STOPPING
AND CONTINUES IN MOTION.
NEWTON’S 2ND LAW OF MOTION
*SAYS: THE CHANGE IN MOTION OF AN OBJECT DEPENDS ON THE OBJECTS
MASSES, AND THE SIZE OF THE FORCE EXERTED ON THE OBJECT.
EXAMPLE: A LARGE LINEBACKER, TACKLES A
SMALLER RUNNING BACK. THE LINEBACKER HAS
MORE MASS AND IS ABLE TO EXERT MORE FORCE,
THUS PUSHING THE RUNNING BACK BACKWARDS
EASILY.
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW OF MOTION
*SAYS: FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION.
EXAMPLE: IF YOU FIRE A CANNON OR A GUN, THE
FORCE OF THE CANNON PUSHES OUT ON THE CANNON
BALL AND THE CANNON BALL PUSHES BACK ON THE
CANNON, PROPELING IT BACKWARDS.
* BECAUSE OF NEWTON’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO FORCE, FORCE IS MEASURED IN
NEWTONS. (N)
100 GRAMS (g) OF MASS EQUALS 1 NEWTON (N)
*HOW TO CHANGE POUNDS (lbs) TO NEWTONS (N)
* HOW TO CHANGE NEWTONS TO POUNDS
EXAMPLES: 10 lbs = 44.48 N
10 LBS X 4.448 = 44.48 N
POUNDS (lbs) x 4.448 = NEWTONS
NEWTONS X .225 = POUNDS
10 N = 2.25 lbs
10 N X .225 = 2.25 lbs
*MOMENTUM IS ALSO CAUSED BY FORCE
MOMENTUM IS DETERMINED BY MEASURING AN OBJECTS MASS
ANDE MULTIPLYING IT BY ITS VELOCITY. (MOMENTUM (p) = m Xv
EXAMPLE: A SEMI TRUCK AND A MOTORCYCLE ARE BOTH TRAVELING DOWN
THE HIGHWAY AT 60 mph, THE SEMI TRUCK HAS MORE MOMENTUM BECAUSE IT
HAS MORE MASS.
OR: TWO SEMI TRUCKS THE SAME MASS TRAVELING DOWN THE HIGHWAY,
BUT ONE TRUCK IS ONLY GOING 50mph AND THE OTHER TRUCK IS GOING 60
mph. THE TRUCK GOING 60 mph HAS MORE MOMENTUM, BECAUSE IT HAS
MORE VELOCITY.