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Sport Application and Newton’s Laws of Motion 1st Law • Every body persists in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it • OR • A body remains at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an applied force. • This is also described as the Law of Inertia because it describes the quality of needing a force to change the state of rest or motion 2nd Law • The change of motion is proportional to the motive power impressed, and is made in the direction of the right(straight) line in which the force is impressed. • Or • If a body of mass(m) has an acceleration(a), the force acting on it is (f), defined as the product of its mass and acceleration (F=ma) • Law of Acceleration-the acceleration of an object that is acted upon by a force is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object rd 3 Law • To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction; or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and directed to contrary parts • Or • To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction • Law of Action-Reaction Classes of Levers and Lever Systems • The lever system consists of an axis of rotationFulcrum(joints) around which a rigid lever(bones) move, by a force(muscle) • • The system consists of a 1. Force Arm- applied forceexternal force, weight, object • 2. Resistance Arm-resists motion (resistive force- muscle force) • 3. Fulcrum - axis of rotation • • There are 3 classes of lever they are classified according to the positions of the axis, force arm and resistance arm 1st Class • the Fulcrum is in the middle between the force and the resistance ___________________________ Force Resistance Fulcrum • This lever favors SPEED or FORCE depending on the relative length of the force and resistance arms. 2nd Class • Resistance is in the middle between the fulcrum and the force Applied Resistance ___________________________ Fulcrum Applied Force • Range of Motion is sacrificed to gain FORCE Output. Resistance arm is always longer than the Force arm 3rd Class • Applied Resistance is in the middle between the fulcrum and the Applied Force The Force arm is always longer than the arm. Therefore this favors SPEED over FORCE. Applied Force _________________________ Fulcrum Applied Resistance