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Physics Vocabulary 5th Grade Term 3 Energy • • • • • • • • • • energy- the ability to do work or cause change kinetic- the energy of motion potential- energy of position or condition mechanical- energy related to motion of an object or its potential to move thermal- energy in the moving particles of an object chemical- energy in the bonds between atoms electrical- energy of moving electrical charges electromagnetic- radiant or wave energy that can travel through empty space nuclear- energy in the nucleus of an atom conservation- law that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes forms Force • force- a push or a pull (measured in newtons) • friction- a force that opposes motion when two surfaces are in contact with each other • magnetism- a force that attracts or repels objects with magnetic poles • gravity- a force that pulls together objects with mass • balanced forces- forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction which produce no change in motion • acceleration- any change in the motion of an object, either speed or direction • net force- the total result of all the forces acting on an object • work- the result of applying force to move an object some distance (measured in joules) • power- the rate at which work is done (measured in watts) • engineering- the process of using science knowledge to design a product that solves a problem Machines • machine- a device that makes work easier by changing the amount of force , the direction of the force, or the distance over which the force is applied • load- object to be moved or resistance • effort- the force used to do work, lift a load • lever-a bar that turns on a fixed point • fulcrum (pivot)- the point around which a lever turns • inclined plane (ramp)- a flat sloped surface • wedge- an inclined plane that moves, used to separate objects • screw- an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, creating threads • pulley- a grooved wheel through which a rope runs • wheel and axle- two different size round objects that rotate around an axis Motion • motion- change in position • reference point- a defined position used to determine motion by comparison • speed- change in distance over time (units: mph or m/s) • velocity- speed with direction • momentum- product of mass and velocity; the force needed to change the motion of an object • inertia- tendency for an object to continue moving or stay at rest • reaction- a force that is equal and opposite to the action • scientific law- a statement that is used to explain why something happens in nature