Download crusades

The Crusades
1095-1204
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• What role have the holy
spaces of a mosque or a
church played in Spanish
society? Be sure to discuss
the Mezquita. What do you
think of the lack of permits to
create Mosques in Spain
today?
Spain Train Bombing
March 4th 2004
Members of the March 11 train-bombing cell had made
their last stand there — the investigators found a
videotape in the rubble. On it, an intense man, flanked by
two others brandishing Sterling submachine guns,
warned of massacres to come. "The Brigades of al-Mufti
and Ansar al-Qaeda" — or supporters of al-Qaeda —
were in Spain, said Sarhane Ben Abdelmajid Fakhet, 35,
to demand that "its troops pull out immediately from the
land of the Muslims." Linking Iraq and Afghanistan to the
15th century expulsion of Muslims from Spain and the
Inquisition, he demanded "blood for blood!" and
"destruction for destruction!
clouds, defeats factionalism, and says in His Book: "But
when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the
pagans wherever ye find them, seize them, beleaguer them,
and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war)"; and
peace be upon our Prophet, Muhammad Bin-'Abdallah, who
said: I have been sent with the sword between my hands to
ensure that no one but God is worshipped, God who put my
livelihood under the shadow of my spear and who inflicts
humiliation and scorn on those who disobey my orders.
The Arabian Peninsula has never -- since God made it flat,
created its desert, and encircled it with seas -- been stormed
by any forces like the crusader armies spreading in it like
locusts, eating its riches and wiping out its plantations. All
this is happening at a time in which nations are attacking
Muslims like people fighting over a plate of food. In the light
of the grave situation and the lack of support, we and you are
obliged to discuss current events, and we should all agree
Pope Urban II’s call for the crusades (1095 ce)
"All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall
have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I
am invested. O what a disgrace if such a despised and base race, which worships demon s,
should conquer a people which has the faith of omn ipotent God and is made glorious with
the name of Christ! With what reproaches will the Lord overwhelm us if you do not aid
those who, with us, profess the Christian religion! Let those who have been accustomed
unjust ly to wage private warfare against the faithful now go against the infidels and end
with victory this war which should have been begun long ago. Let those who for a long
time, have been robbers, now become knights. Let those who have been fighting against
their brothers and relatives now fight in a proper way against the barbarians. Let those who
have been serving as mercenaries for small pay now obtain the eternal reward. Let those
who have been wearing themselves out in both body and soul now work for a double honor.
Behold! on this side will be the sorrowful and poor, on that, the rich; on this side, the
enemies of the Lord, on that, his friends. Let those who go not put off the journey, but rent
their lands and collect mone y for their expenses; and as soon as winter is over and spring
comes, let them eagerly set out on the way with God as their guide."
Question: What does Pope Urban promise to those
who fight for Jerusalem? (write it down)
Fatwa
Do Now
Pagans
Are there any similarities
between what motivated
Christians to join the Crusades
in the 11th century and the
motivation of Muslims to carry
out terrorist attacks today?
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Jerusalem
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Holy to:
Jews- site of ancient temple
Christians- place where Jesus was crucified
Muslims- place where Muhammad ascended to heaven
600 ce:
Arabs controlled Jerusalem
• But, Jews and Christians lived and
visited
• Until 1095
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First Crusade
• 30,000 men volunteered
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First Crusade cont.
Why did they do it?
• To fight
• To get into heaven
• To have an adventure
First Crusade cont.
Sign: Red Cross
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Question: Why do you
think they wore the red
cross? (write it down)
First crusade cont.
• Results:
– Took two years to get there
– Captured city in two months
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You are a serf who has just
survived a two year crusade. As
you finally enter Jerusalem
mayhem breaks out in front of
you. Other crusaders are
butchering Muslims. What do you
think? What do you do-gooder
Create a character to respond to
this prompt.
First crusade cont.
• Some stayed
• Some left with food, culture
II. So what happened?
A. Peter the Hermit è
disaster!
II. So what happened?
C. Fourth Crusade (1200)
è Attack on Constantinople…installed Roman
Catholic leadership
III. Lasting Effects
A. MOST
IMPORTANT –
exchange of
ideas (cultural
diffusion)
è “kick-starts”
European
development
è Integrates
Europe into
world economy
Rise of Italian City States
A. “High Middle Ages” (1000-1300CE)
– positive changes
Venetian Trade Empire
Wealthy
citizens
Trade and
Conquest
Banks
Government
of Venice
Commercial
Organizations
How to create maximum returns?