Download European Exploration

o The desire to reach the east where the goods
were found led to improved navigation
o Italian traders created a monopoly (they controlled prices)
in the Holy Land (Muslim traders would trade only with Italian
traders)
o This made goods too expensive for most Europeans
o
This led to improved navigation to find an all water
route to bypass the Middle East
a. Magnetic compass - to determine direction
b. Astrolabe – was used to calculate position
using the sun and stars
c. Sextant - used to determine latitude by pointing
at horizon and using the suns position
d. Caravel - a ship with 3 masts, 2 square sails
and a single triangular sail that moved to catch
crosswinds
•
Educated people believed the world was round
a. Portugal-1st to search for an all water route to
Asia
b. They sailed south around Africa
Religion as• aMostCause
western
European nations
were Catholic
– Catholic church
controlled by the Pope
• Pope & the Church
felt it necessary to
spread Christianity
– Missionaries left
Europe by the
thousands to
Christianize the
world
– European monarchs
charted many voyages
with this plan
Spanish Exploration
• Believed he found Asia
• Landed on the island of
Hispaniola (Haiti)
– To share in the rich Asian
• Spain wants in on the
wealth
trade
– Spread Christianity
– Fame
– Gold, Glory, & God
• Christopher Columbus
– Sail west to reach Asia
• King & Queen accept his
proposal
– Credited with
discovering the Americas
Land Disputes in the New World
• Spain & Portugal fought
over new lands
– Almost came to war
• Line of Demarcation
– Line drawn to divide the
world between Spain & Portugal
– Portugal protested the
placement of the line
• Treaty of Tordesillas
– Moved the Line of
Demarcation west
– Portugal able to settle in New World
Mercantilism
• Colonies sole purpose to make money for
the mother country
• A favorable balance of trade for mother
country
– Colonies provide raw materials
– Colonies served as new markets for goods made
in the home country
Religious Rivalry
• Reformation of Catholic church
led to a new form of Christianity
(Protestantism)
– Did not accept the Pope
• Caused widespread conflict in
Europe
– England (Protestant) vs Spain
(Catholic)
– Spanish Armada sent to restore
control, but was defeated & allowed
England to colonize North America
Religious Rivalry in North America
• Catholics from Spain and French spread
faith among Natives
• Spanish settled in southwest and
southeast America
• French settled in northeast America
• Dutch and English set up Protestant
colonies along Atlantic Coast
Northwest Passage
Italians, Dutch, & French
only interested in trading
English fished (originally)
off eastern Canada
They created profitable
industries