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U.S. History 8
Mrs. Lefler
Portugal Leads the way in
Exploration
Henry the Navigator: Leader of
Exploration for Portugal. Creates
school for navigation and map making.
Funds sea expeditions.
Portuguese Explorers
 Bartolomeu
Dias Rounded
the southern tip
of Africa in
1488 to get to
spice Islands.
 Vasco da Gama
sails from
Portugal to
India.
Spain and Portugal Divide the
World
Why Did Columbus
Attempt a New Route?
Pirates in the
Mediterranean
Cut out the middle
man in trade
Wealth and riches
Who funded his
expedition?
Queen Isabel and King
Fernando of Spain
Their interests were
better, faster trade
routes
Christopher Columbus
Credited for Discovery
of the New World
Never reached the
mainland of North
America
Explored the
Caribbean
Columbus’ Great
Discoveries
 Uncharted lands
 Friendly Natives
 Natural
Resources
 Gold
Effect of Columbus on
the Indians
 War with
Arawak (Taino)
 Start of
European slave
trade of Indian
People
 Extinction of
the Arawak
This Discovery of a new
route set off A race to
the west from europe
 Spain
 Portugal
 France
 England
Spanish Explorers
 Penetrated
North America
from the south,
through the
Caribbean,
Florida, and
mexico
Amerigo Vespucci
1501-1502

Italian born but sailed for Spain
 First person to realize that Americas separate from
Asian continent
 America named for him in 1507
 Explored the West Indies and Atlantic coast as far
north as Cape Hatteras (off coast of North Carolina)
Ponce de Leon
1513
 Spanish explorer
 Sailed widely in the
Caribbean
 Legend says he
searched for the
Fountain of Youth
Juan Ponce De Leon
 Best known for
discovering
Florida in 1513
 Founded a
successful
settlement in
Puerto Rico
Ponce de Leon and
Indians
 Set up trade with
Calusa Indians
 Eight years later,
Ponce de Leon was
Attacked by Calusa
Indians
 Died from a wound
from Indian arrow
on his second
expedition
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
1513
 1st European to see
eastern part of
Pacific Ocean
 Sailed for Spain
 Crossed the Isthmus
of Panama overland
Effect on Indians
 Makes alliances
with Native
Americans
 Uses Indian
bearers to
carry supplies
as he explores
Hernan Cortes
1519
 Spanish adventurer
 Conquistador
 Increased wealth of
Spain through trade
of gold, silver,
tobacco, cacao
beans, and more.
 Claimed Mexico for
Spain 1519-1521
Cortez’s Effect on Indians
 Montezuma greets
Cortez with gifts.
Cortez takes him
prisoner.
 Native peoples
often forced to
accept Christianity
 Brought smallpox,
measles, and
mumps.
 Many forced into
mines in search of
gold and silver
 Aztec empire
destroyed
Francisco Pizarro
1531-1533
 Spanish Conquistador
 “Discovered” the Incan
Empire
 Conquered and
destroyed the Incans of
Peru taking gold, silver,
and treasures making
Spain wealthy
Pizarro’s Exploration
Pizarro’s effect on the
Incan Empire
 Captures leader
Atahuallpa
 Promises to give
Pizarro a room
of gold and a
room of silver.
 Pizarro promises
his freedom
 Pizarro accepts
his gifts, then
sentences him to
death.
Pizarro’s effect on Inca
Empire
 Inca temples and
cities were
destroyed and
replaced by
Spanish churches
and cities.
 Diseases
decreased the
population.
 Destroyed Inca
Empire
De Soto
1539-1542
 Spanish Explorer
 Explored Florida and
southeastern U.S. in
search of gold.
Claimed for Spain
 First European to reach
Mississippi River.
 Died of fever. Buried
on banks of Mississippi
River
 His journals provide
valuable information on
the Native peoples.
De Soto Seeing the
Mississippi River for the
First time
Hernando de Soto’s
Effect on Indians
 Burned villages
 Conflict with
numerous
Southeast tribes.
 Takes tribal
leaders hostage
to coerce help
Francisco Coronado
1540-1542
 Explored North
American
Southwest: AZ, NM,
TX, OK, KS
 Searched for 7
Golden Cities
 Found no gold,
silver, or treasures
Coronado Searches for
7 Cities of Gold
Ferdinand Magellan
1519-1522
 Portuguese explorer
who sailed for Spain
 Led first expedition
around the earth
 Searching for a
westward passage from
Spain to the Spice
Islands
 Named the Pacific
Ocean
Magellan’s effect on
Indians of Philippines
 Magellan attempts
to convert natives
to Christianity
 Mactan Tribe
refuses.
 Magellan burns
village to ground
 Magellan killed by
natives with poison
tipped arrows and
spears.
French Explorers
 Advanced from the
northeast, along
the St. Lawrence
River, the Great
Lakes, the Ohio
River, and the
Mississippi with
some penetration
north westward
from the Gulf
coast.
Giovanni da Verrazzano
1524
 Italian born. Sailed for
France
 Explored the northeast
coast of North America
from N.C. to Maine
 Searched for Northwest
Passage
 Eaten by Carib Indians
Jacques Cartier
1535
 French explorer
 3 expeditions to
Canada
 Searching for Northwest
passage
 Explored St. Lawrence
River and land
bordering.
 Paved way for French
exploration and
developed the fur trade.
Contact with Indians for
trade
Samuel de Champlain
 Known as the father of
“New France”
 Established French
settlements in present
day Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, Prince
Edward Island and
eastern Maine
 Founded Quebec City
and put France on the
path to an empire built
on the fur trade.
Champlain’s Effect on the
Indians
 Befriended the
Huron
 Introduced
firearms to Indian
warfare
 Fought with
Hurons against
the Iroquois
 Tribes needed
guns to survive.
English Explorers
 English moved
generally from
the Atlantic
coast
westward, with
activity in Arctic
waters in search
of the
Northwest
Passage
John Cabot
1497
 Italian born
 Sailed for King
Henry of England
 Searched for a
faster route to Asia
What did he discover?
Newfoundland and
rich fishing areas
Sir Walter Raleigh
 Founder of the
Virginia colony.
 His attempts to
establish
Roanoke failed
 Paved the way
for other
English
settlements.
Henry Hudson
 English born explorer that explored Arctic Ocean and
Northeastern North America for the Netherlands and
later England.
 Discovered what is now New York City
 Hudson Bay, Hudson River named after him
What Happened to Hudson?
Who searched for a
new passage to Asia
in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
What did Cabot
discover?
Newfoundland
Rich fishing lands
Who was the first person
to realize a new world had
been discovered?
 Amerigo Vespucci
Who is best known for
discovering Florida?
Ponce de Leon
Who crossed the Isthmus of
Panama to see the eastern
side of the Pacific ocean?
Balboa
Who conquered the Aztec
Empire and was
responsible for
Montezuma’s death?
Cortes
Who led the first
expedition around the
world?
 Ferdinand Magellan
Who explored the Eastern
coast of the U.S from N.C.
to Maine?
 Verrazzano
Who conquered the
Incan Empire and had
Atahuallpa killed?
 Pizarro
Who made 3 expeditions to
Canada and paved the way
for French exploration ?
 Cartier
What English explorer
founded Virginia Colony but
was unsuccessful creating
the settlement of Roanoke?
 Sir Walter Raleigh
Who explored Florida
and Southeastern U.S.?
 DeSoto
Who explored the
American southwest in
search of the Seven
Golden Cities?
 Coronado
Who was known as the father
of New France, founded
Quebec, and helped France
create a fur trade empire?
 Champlain
Who Explored the
Arctic Ocean and
Northeastern North
America and was set
adrift by his crew?
 Henry Hudson