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The Age of Discovery Exploring and Colonizing the “New World” Did Columbus discover America? Native Americans? What about the Vikings? • C. A.D. 1000 What exactly did he find? Age of Exploration begins during the 1400's Looking for new trade routes • Where and Why? Avoiding “middle-men” Northwest Passage Conditions that set the stage • Desire For commerce • Ability Due to inventions and state sponsorship • Need Wealth to fund empires, expansion for living space, etc. • Faith Christianity vs. Islam The Exploring Kingdoms Portugal, Spain, France, Netherlands, England Portuguese led the way • Commerce and conversions • Prince Henry the Navigator (15th Century Key sponsor of early Portuguese exploration of Atlantic & West Africa • 1488 – Bartolomeu Diaz – Cape of Good Hope • 1498 – Vasco de Gama – around cape to India • 1500 – Pedro Alvarez Cabral – South America Spain More interested in permanent settlements Columbus – Oct. 1492 – San Salvador • Didn’t know or believe that he reached a new continent • “New World” term from Vespucci First on map in 1507 Vasco Nunez de Balboa - First to sight Pacific (1513) Ferdinand Magellan - Expedition circumnavigates world 1519-22 Spain Cortes = New Spain (1519) Pizarro = Viceroyalty of Peru(1532) • “God, Gold, & Glory” • Encomienda system Juan Ponce de Leon – 1512-13 & 1521 – Florida Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca – 1536 – Explored Southwest enroute to Mexico from Florida • he & 3 survivors make it to Mexico Hernando de Soto –(1539-43) explored southeast – finds Miss. River Francisco Coronado (1541) explores S.W. & finds Grand Canyon French Exploration 1534 – Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River 50+ years of failed colonies 1598-1604 – French fur trading stations in Nova Scotia (Acadia) 1608- Quebec founded by Samuel de Champlain • 1st perm. settlement by French The Robert Cavelier de LaSalle - Sailed down Mississippi to G. of Mex (1682) • Claimed the entire region for French King Louis XIV - Louisiana England John Cabot – 1497 - Newfoundland Sir Francis Drake – Privateer & explorer • Circumnavigation of World – 1577-80 Knighted for trip and activities against Spain Sir Walter Raleigh – 1580s • Roanoke (1585 & 1587) & defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) Sir Humphrey Gilbert – 1583 – Newfoundland • Newfoundland & Roanoke failed as colonies Henry Hudson – 4 voyages – 1607-11 • Explored bay and river named for him Netherlands 1614 – Dutch joint stock company builds Fort Nassau & establishes colony – New Netherland 1625 – fort built at mouth of river Colonial general director Peter Minuit • buys Manhattan Island from Indians - 1626 – new settlement - New Amsterdam Columbian Exchange What is it? What impact did it have on both sides of the Atlantic? Did the good outweigh the bad?