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Western Europe Age of Exploration Why did it take place? • The Age of Exploration was rooted in new technologies and ideas growing out of the Renaissance. • Included advances in cartography, navigation and shipbuilding. Many people wanted to find a route to Asia through the west of Europe. Why was exploration important to Europe? • European traders traveled across the Mediterranean in search of spices and riches. • Why spices? • Used to preserve food before there were refrigerators • Improve flavor • Cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg and cloves Why was there a need to explore? • European merchants knew that if they could trade directly with Asia (people who had spices) they could make enormous profits. • Began to search for new routes to Asia Who were the leaders in exploration? • Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460) • From Portugal • Began worldwide exploration • Sponsored over 50 Portuguese explorations into Western Africa • Believed a path around Africa would be a shortcut to Asia • Returned with gold dust, ivory and navigation knowledge • Founded a School of Navigation in 1416 • Teach new methods of traveling across the seas • Plan expeditions using latest maps, tools and knowledge of ocean winds and currents • Bartholomew Dias (1450 – 1500) • Rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 • Named it the Cape of Good Hope • Vasco de Gama (1469 – 1524) • Reached the coast of India • Took 317 days and 13,500 miles • First European to discover a sea route to Asia By the time Prince Henry the Navigator died in 1460, the Portuguese had ventured around the great bulge of western Africa and reached India. They control the seas. • Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) • Italian who sailed for Spain • Believed the shortest way to Asia was to sail directly west – tried in 1492 • One of first Europeans to discover the Americas – The Bahamas • Was responsible for beginning European exploration to the New World • Voyages led to the eventual establishment of colonies in the New World Christopher Columbus’ First Journey • Henry Hudson (1570 – 1611) • Englishman who sailed for England & the Netherlands • He explored parts of North America in search of the Northwest Passage • Explored area around present day NYC • Claimed it for the Dutch (Netherlands) • Later explored & claimed eastern Canada for England Voyages of Henry Hudson • Ferdinand Magellan (1480 - 1521) • His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe – which proved the Earth was round. • It took 3 years to return to Spain • He was killed before they got home – died in the Philippines. • Circumnavigate • To sail completely around Astrolabe used to measure the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon Ferdinand Magellan’s Trip Around the World Other Famous Explorers… • Amerigo Vespucci • From Italy • Explored South America • Marco Polo • From Italy • Traveled the Silk Road to China • Jacques Cartier • From France • Explored the St. Lawrence Seaway • Leif Erickson • From Norway • Explored Newfoundland, in Canada • Pedro Cabral • From Portugal • Discovered the first sea route to Brazil • Hernando Cortes • From Spain • Explored Latin America • Ponce de Leon • From Spain • Searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida • Francisco Pizarro • From Spain • Explored Latin America • Hernando Desoto • From Spain • Discovered the Mississippi River • Vasco de Balboa • Spain • Crossed the Isthmus of Panama • 1st to see the Pacific Ocean from the New World What countries held the major colonial empires? Great Britain France Spain Portugal Netherlands British Empire • North America (Canada, USA) • Caribbean (Bahamas, Jamaica) • Africa • Australia & New Zealand • Asia (India) Spanish Empire • South America • North America (Western USA, Mexico) • Pacific Islands (Philippines) • Central America • Caribbean • Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic French Empire • Africa & Madagascar • Caribbean (Haiti) • North America • Central USA, Eastern Canada • Southeast Asia Portuguese Empire • South America (Brazil) • Africa • Asia Dutch Empire • South America (Guyana, Suriname) • Caribbean • South Africa • Asia (Indonesia) • North America (New York) What were the effects of exploration? • Imperialism • One country controls the government or economy of another country • Indigenous populations were forced to change their cultural traditions to those of the conquering country. • Indigenous – born and living in a place, rather than coming from somewhere else • Religious Conversion • European monarchs were Christians • Sent missionaries to convert indigenous people • Spread of Disease • Explorers spread disease to indigenous people because they didn’t have immunity (natural resistance to disease) • Smallpox – only disease to be completely eradicated today • Malaria – spread by mosquitoes • Measles – can spread through fluids (nose/mouth) or airborne presents as a rash • Slavery • Increase in slave trade • Portuguese purchased African slaves • In the Americas, native people were forced into slavery What were the effects of exploration on Europe? • European countries founded many new colonies • Imperialism • As new lands = new natural resources • Fertile soil, furs, etc. • European countries will became very competitive with one another • Each trying to become the MOST powerful • Most land, most resources, most money, largest military Media Footage to Further Understand: • Explorers of the Caribbean Song (6 min): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOmY1D7SE8g • European Explorers (20 min): http://www.schooltube.com/video/ a5410416f7167198ff13/European-Explorers • Great Age of Exploration (26 min): http://history.docuwat.ch/videos/? alternative=2&channel_id=0&skip=0&subpage=vi deo&video_id=365
