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AGE OF EXPLORATIONS People originally believed in sea monsters People also believed that the Earth was flat. Ptolemy By the 1400s most Europeans knew that the world was round, however there were no maps that expanded beyond the Mediterranean Sea. In 1406, the Europeans discovered a book Geography that contained hand drawn maps of the World by a Greek educated Egyptian scholar named Ptolemy. Hand-drawn world map from the 2nd century Motives for traveling Turks captured Constantinople in 1453. New Technology: Astrolabe (from the Arabs). This device helped find latitudes. The Chinese invented a compass which helped navigators find magnetic north. Kings and Queens made money by taxing trade. 1400s Portuguese explorations Four Strong KingdomsEngland, France, Spain, and Portugal Goal was to find a sea trade route to Asia…. England and France were fighting the Hundred Years War…… Spain was fighting the Muslims…. Portugal got the early jump in the area of exploration. Motives Portuguese discovered sugarcane on Africa’s coast line. Sugar was valuable to Europe, the Portuguese began bringing enslaved Africans to the islands, beginning the system of slave labor and slave trade. Other Motives A sense of adventure Overpopulation & search for new lands Spread of Christianity Wealth Henry the Navigator Henry the NavigatorPrince of Portugal. He set up a research center for shipbuilders, sailors, and cartographers to help him explore the world. Bartholomew Dias A Portuguese explorer he was the first to reach the southern tip of Africa, he named it the Cape of Good Hope. Christopher Columbus- Italian Explorer Christopher Columbus- Italian Explorer His plan was to reach the West Indies by going across the Atlantic Ocean. In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain sponsored his expensive voyage. Columbus landed in San Salvador an island near Cuba. However, he believed he was in Asia. He returned to the island three times, never realizing he was in the Americas. Columbus & Queen of Spain Columbus lands in America Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama found the eastern sea route to India He sailed around the Southern tip of Africa Vasco de Gama’s Route Vasco de Balboa Vasco de Balboa was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean Vasco de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan 1st circumnavigation of the globe. He sailed around the Americas and discovered the Strait of Magellan. When he arrived at the vast calm sea, he named it the Pacific Ocean because it was peaceful. Magellan was killed by the local people of the Philippines, however his crew completed the voyage. Ferdinand Magellan Magellan’s Route Spanish Explorers After the voyage of Columbus- Spain wanted to build a vast empire in the Americas. They enslaved Native Americas and forced them to grow sugarcane. Spanish nobles set out to the Americas with the hope of becoming rich, they were known as conquistadors. Two examples are: Hernan Cortes- conquered the Aztecs Francisco Pizarro- conquered the Incas Results Slavery Colonialism Mercantilism